浅地层剖面数据多次波自动搜索与压制

发布时间：2018-08-13 21:07

【摘要】：伴随着国内经济飞速发展和技术革新,陆地上资源被逐步开发消耗,为了解决资源短缺的问题我们把目标转向了资源丰富的海洋。海上浅地层剖面地震勘探是海洋地质资源普查和勘探的重要方法,因海水面和海底地层强反射界面的影响,使海上地震多次波发育明显。多次波的存在是对有效一次反射波的干扰,使实际资料信噪比降低及对有效波的识别及解释造成困难,多次波分离去除是海洋勘探领域地震数据处理中的一项难题。因此,如何压制浅地层剖面多次波是本文最主要的研究内容。浅地层剖面得到的地震数据是单道自激自收观测得到的数据,没有偏移距也无法求取速度信息,该类数据中多次波不具有有效波和多次波之间正常时差差异特征,也无法准确求出多次波的时间、周期、振幅、以及相位等信息,常用的多次波压制方法存在不足之处。基于预测反褶积算法,本文研究多次波自动搜索与压制的方法,利用自相关函数对步长进行自动搜索,将得到的步长去求解托布利兹方程得到滤波系数,去除含有多次波的滤波系数褶积后得到压制多次波后的结果。在压制多次波前,需要进行数据预处理,首先对数据进行滤波和去除随机噪音,提高数据信噪比;其次,设计合适的整形滤波算子对数据进行子波处理为多次波的去除打好基础;最后,对每一道数据用自相关函数自动检测出多次波的周期利用自动搜索与压制的方法压制多次波。针对零偏移距、超高主频的浅地层剖面数据的多次波压制难题,编写了复杂海底地形地质条件下浅地层剖面自相关、数据滤波、去除随机噪音、子波处理和多次波自动搜索与压制等程序。利用本文中的多次波自动搜索与压制方法对模型数据进行试算,并用于实际浅地层剖面资料多次波压制,结果验证了多次波自动搜索与压制程序的稳定可靠,该处理方法能够有效的压制多次波。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of domestic economy and technological innovation, the land resources have been gradually exploited and consumed. In order to solve the problem of resource shortage, we have turned to the resource-rich ocean. Seismic exploration of offshore shallow formation profile is an important method for marine geological resources survey and exploration. Due to the influence of strong reflection interface between sea water surface and undersea strata, seismic multiples on the sea have developed obviously. The existence of multiple waves is a kind of interference to the effective primary reflection wave, which reduces the signal-to-noise ratio of the actual data and makes it difficult to identify and interpret the effective wave. The separation and removal of multiple waves is a difficult problem in seismic data processing in the field of ocean exploration. Therefore, how to suppress the shallow stratigraphic profile multiple is the main research content in this paper. The seismic data obtained from the shallow formation profile are the data obtained from the single track self-excited self-receiving observation, and the velocity information can not be obtained without migration distance. The multiples in this kind of data do not have the characteristics of normal time difference between effective waves and multiple waves. The information of time, period, amplitude and phase of multiple waves can not be accurately calculated. Based on predictive deconvolution algorithm, the method of multiple automatic searching and suppression is studied in this paper. The step size is automatically searched by autocorrelation function, and the step size is obtained to solve the Tobriz equation to get the filtering coefficient. After removing the convolution of filtering coefficients containing multiple waves, the results of suppressing multiple waves are obtained. In the suppression of multiples, data preprocessing is needed. Firstly, the data is filtered and the random noise is removed to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data. Designing proper shaping filter operator for wavelet processing of data is a good foundation for the removal of multiple waves. Finally, the period of multiple waves is automatically detected by autocorrelation function, and the method of automatic searching and suppression is used to suppress multiple waves. In view of the problem of multi-wave suppression of zero-offset and ultra-high frequency shallow stratum profile data, the autocorrelation, data filtering and random noise removal of shallow stratum profile under complex submarine topography and geology are compiled. Wavelet processing and multiple automatic search and suppression programs. The method of automatic search and suppression of multiple waves in this paper is used to calculate the model data, and it is used to suppress multiple waves of actual shallow profile data. The results show that the program of automatic search and suppression of multiple waves is stable and reliable. The method can suppress multiple waves effectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P631.4

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