软破厚大矿体安全高效采矿工艺优化研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 09:17

【摘要】：随着科技、经济的全面发展,矿产资源在社会中的需求逐渐增大,近几年的消耗十分迅猛,矿产资源开采条件较好、品位较高的已经慢慢枯竭,大多遗留下的都是复杂难采矿体,导致这类矿床的开采份量越来越多。软破厚大矿体具有矿岩体节理裂隙极其发育、矿岩破碎不稳固、巷道掘支难度大、支护成本高、中深孔成孔难、爆破落矿效果差、生产效率低以及贫化损失率大等诸多生产及技术难点,是采矿界的一大难题。本文以四川会理铅锌矿软破厚大矿体开采为研究对象,在进行开采技术条件及室内岩石力学试验研究的基础上,在岩体质量分类评价、岩体支护以及爆破参数优化等方面进行了深入研究。主要研究工作如下:(1)调查研究了矿体开采技术条件,结合矿山生产现状分析总结出了矿山目前所面临的技术问题。(2)进行了室内岩石力学试验和工程地质调查,分别采用RQD值、Q值、CSIR和GSI等方法对岩体的质量进行了分类评价,为后续研究提供了可靠的依据。(3)针对电耙道、凿岩巷道开展了多次爆破及放矿动载荷作用下的支护技术研究工作。运用数值模拟软件进行计算并详细的分析比较,提出了一套具有针对性的复合支护方案,并进行了现场应用试验。(4)研究确定了合理的炸药单耗,研究优化了中深孔爆破参数和扩漏拉底工程布置,有效地解决了现场爆破时所面临的大块产出率高、悬顶、扩漏拉底质量不高、拒爆以及中深孔质量差等系列问题。(5)进行了软破厚大矿体现场工业试验,取得了良好的技术经济指标,试验采场矿石损失率11.55%,贫化率18.4%,很好地实现了矿山安全、高效的开懫目标。
[Abstract]:With the overall development of science and technology and economy, the demand for mineral resources in the society has gradually increased. In recent years, the consumption of mineral resources has been very rapid, the mining conditions of mineral resources are better, and the higher grade has gradually dried up. Most of these deposits are complicated and difficult to be mined, resulting in more and more mining. The soft broken thick large ore body has the following characteristics: the rock mass joint and fissure is extremely developed, the ore rock is broken and unstable, the roadway is difficult to excavate, the support cost is high, the medium and deep hole is difficult to be formed, and the blasting effect is poor. Low production efficiency and large rate of dilution and loss are difficult problems in mining industry. In this paper, based on the research of mining soft broken thick ore bodies in Huili lead and zinc mine in Sichuan province, the classification and evaluation of rock mass quality are carried out on the basis of mining technical conditions and laboratory rock mechanics tests. The rock support and blasting parameters optimization are studied in depth. The main research work is as follows: (1) the technical conditions of ore body mining are investigated and studied, and the technical problems facing the mine are summarized according to the present situation of mine production. (2) the laboratory rock mechanics test and engineering geological investigation are carried out. The classification and evaluation of rock mass quality are carried out by using the methods of RQD Q value and GSI, respectively, which provide a reliable basis for further study. (3) aiming at the electric rake track, The supporting technology of rock drilling roadway under the action of multiple blasting and mining dynamic load has been studied. The numerical simulation software is used to calculate and analyze and compare in detail, a set of targeted composite support scheme is put forward, and the field application test is carried out. (4) the reasonable explosive unit consumption is determined. The parameters of medium and long hole blasting and the layout of the expanding and pulling bottom are studied and optimized, which effectively solves the problems of high yield of large blocks, suspended roof and low quality of the bottom of the expansion and drawing, which are faced with in the field blasting. A series of problems such as flameproof and poor quality of medium and deep holes have been carried out. (5) the field industrial test of soft broken thick ore body has obtained good technical and economic indexes, the ore loss rate of the test stope is 11.55 and the dilution rate is 18.4. The safety of the mine is well realized. Efficient opening of goals.
【学位授予单位】：长沙矿山研究院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD862

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