利用低空无人机摄影测量快速构建矿区线状地物信息

发布时间：2018-08-17 13:44

【摘要】：矿区线状地物是矿山生产建设的重要部分,狭长的形态特征和有限的测量人力限制了监测工作。低空无人机摄影测量具有响应快、周期短、精度高、易操作、成本低的特点,而且获取数据内容丰富、可视性强,为矿区线状地物的快速监测提供了可能。本文选取典型高潜水位井工矿区的线状地物——以矿区专用铁路和防洪堤坝为例,设计3个相对航高(50、75、100 m)作业方案,快速构建矿区线状地物信息,评价模型结果的平面和高程精度,并检验了其可靠性,讨论了无人机摄影测量的时间与效率的权衡问题。研究表明,低空无人机摄影测量可快速获取矿区线状地物的厘米级地形信息,具有较高的平面与高程精度,平面精度可达1∶500比例尺地形图的要求,高程基本能满足1∶1000比例尺制图规范。植被覆盖对模型高程值的精度影响显著,模型内部的空间关系相对稳定可靠,经成本与效率的权衡后优选相对航高100 m为最优作业方案。矿区测绘可尝试低空无人机与传统测绘方法相结合的作业新模式,快速高效地获取监测结果。
[Abstract]:Linear ground objects are an important part of mine production and construction. The long and narrow shape characteristics and limited measuring manpower limit the monitoring work. The photogrammetry of low altitude UAV has the characteristics of fast response, short period, high precision, easy operation and low cost, and it has rich data content and strong visibility, which provides the possibility for rapid monitoring of linear objects in mining area. In this paper, the linear features of typical high diving level wells and mining areas are selected as examples, taking the special railway and flood control dike in mining area as an example, three operational schemes of relative navigation height (50 ~ 75100 m) are designed, and the linear feature information of mining area is constructed quickly. The plane and elevation accuracy of the model results are evaluated and its reliability is tested. The tradeoff between time and efficiency of UAV photogrammetry is discussed. The research shows that the photogrammetry of low altitude UAV can quickly obtain the centimeter topographic information of the linear objects in the mining area, and it has higher plane and elevation accuracy, and the plane accuracy can reach the requirement of 1: 500 scale topographic map. The elevation basically meets the 11 000: scale cartographic specification. Vegetation cover has a significant effect on the accuracy of the model height, the spatial relationship within the model is relatively stable and reliable, and the relative altitude of 100m is chosen as the optimal operation plan after the trade-off between cost and efficiency. Mining area surveying and mapping can try to combine low altitude UAV with traditional surveying and mapping method to obtain monitoring results quickly and efficiently.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所;平安煤炭开采工程技术研究院有限公司;
【基金】：基金项目:采煤沉陷地绿色综合治理与生态修复关键技术(2016ZDJS11A02)
【分类号】：TD17

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