几种水生植物对铅尾矿渗出液耐性机理及修复潜力研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 07:34

【摘要】：本文选用花菖蒲(Iris ensata var.horten6i6Makino et Nemoto)、铜钱草(HHydrocotyle vulgaris L.)、荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus Linn.)、黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)、荸荠(Eleocharis tuberosa S.)等 6 种水生植物为试验材料,通过复合栽植和实地栽植等方法,研究在铅尾矿渗出液(PbL)胁迫下对植物的生长指标、对PbL修复及其对水质的影响,为修复含Pb重金属尾矿污染的水体环境提供理论和技术支持。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过对铅尾矿渗出液对花菖蒲生长、解剖结构及金属离子富集的影响的研究结果表明,花菖蒲幼苗各项生长指标随着PbL浓度升高而下降,尤其是100%PbL处理时株高、根长、叶数、根数和地上干质量与对照相比差异显著(P0.05),分别比对照下降了 28.53%、33.50%、33.32%、28.57%和 41.62%。在 100%PbL 处理下,花菖蒲叶片表皮细胞仅一到两层,根尖表皮细胞排列完好但内皮层细胞不完整且气腔分散。在100%PbL处理下,花菖蒲地上部和地下部分对Pb的富集量最高,分别为115.8μg/g和576.25μg/g;Zn含量比对照分别上升了 1.81和5.99倍。Cu和Cd的含量也有一定的升高。栽培花菖蒲对培养基质的水质的影响ORPECBOD去除率DO。栽培花菖蒲在栽培基质中的重金属浓度随着PbL浓度的升高而升高。花菖蒲对铅的富集系数在100%PbL处理时最高为0.416。锌和铜重金属富集系数在100%PbL处理时比对照相上升了 19.33%和80.75%。(2)三种水生植物复合栽植在PbL下的花菖蒲、铜钱草和荷花与对照相比,生长指标均呈下降趋势。复合栽培的花菖蒲株高,根长,根数和叶数与单独栽植于PbL中相比均降低。然而,除和荷花混合栽培外,地下部干重比单独栽植于PbL中显著升高。与荷花复合栽培的铜钱草地上部干重及三种植物复合栽培的地下部干重显著高于单独栽植于PbL中的之外,其他生长指标与单独栽植与PbL中的没有显著差异。与铜钱草和三种植物混合栽培的荷花的叶数以及与花菖蒲复合栽培的地上部干重均比单独栽植于PbL中的显著升高,其他生长指标与单独生长于PbL中的生长指标无显著差异。试验结果说明栽培与PbL中的三种水生植物的生长均受到一定程度的抑制,三种植物复合栽培比单一种植于PbL中对植物的抗性有一定的促进作用。(3)几种水生植物复合栽植对PbL水质指标影响的研究表明,花菖蒲、铜钱草和荷花三种水生植物复合栽培处理时溶解氧(DO)的含量均高于对照。三种水生植物复合栽培各处理溶液整体呈碱性;IPbL、NPbL、H+N和I+N处理氧化还原电位(ORP)均高于对照,尤其是I+N处理;对于生物需氧量(BOD)的去除,高于对照的是HH、HPbL和H+I处理;在三种水生植物复合栽培时电导率最低。栽培植物后水中重金属含量与空白相比整体呈下降趋势。复合栽培中尤其是I+H+N处理,栽培水质中铅含量、锌含量和铜含量与空白处理相比分别下降了 70.65%、90.52%和 30.77%。(4)六种水生植物栽培在实地PbL中研究结果表明,地下部对Pb的富集分别是铜钱草黄菖蒲菖蒲荷花荸荠花菖蒲;研究发现菖蒲地下部对于Zn的富集是地上部的21.65倍;除了铜钱草地上部高于地下部,其他五种水生植物地下部对Cu的富集均高于地上部;对Cd的富集分别是铜钱草花菖蒲荸荠菖蒲荷花花菖蒲。对于Pb的运转系数最高的是花菖蒲为0.097;铜钱草对Zn的运转系数最高为0.22,对Cu的迁移率最高为1.063。试验结果表明这六种水生植物都能在铅尾矿渗出液中生长,可以用于铅污染水体的修复。花菖蒲和铜钱草对钱的富集能力优于其他四种植物。
[Abstract]:Six aquatic plants, including Iris ensata var. horten6i6 Makino et Nemoto, Hhydrocotyle vulgaris L., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Acorus calamus Linn., Iris eudacorus L., Eleocharis tuberosa S., were selected as experimental materials in this paper. Methods: The growth indexes of plants, the effects of PbL remediation on water quality were studied under the stress of lead tailings leachate (PbL). The main results were as follows: (1) Acorus calamus growth, anatomical structure and metal ion enrichment were studied by leachate of lead tailings. The results showed that the growth indices of Acorus calamus seedlings decreased with the increase of PbL concentration, especially the plant height, root length, leaf number, root number and dry weight of above ground decreased by 28.53%, 33.50%, 33.32%, 28.57% and 41.62% compared with the control (P 0.05), respectively. There were only one or two layers of epidermal cells in the root tip, but the endothelial cells were incomplete and dispersed in the air cavity.Under 100% PbL treatment, the accumulation of Pb in aerial and underground parts of Acorus tatarinowii was the highest, which was 115.8 and 576.25 ug/g, respectively. Effects of cultivated Gladiolus on water quality of culture medium ORPECBOD removal rate DO. Heavy metal concentration of cultivated Gladiolus in culture medium increased with the increase of PbL concentration. The highest enrichment coefficient of lead in 100% PbL treatment was 0.416. The enrichment coefficient of zinc and copper in 100% PbL treatment increased by 19.33% and 80% compared with the control. (2) Compared with the control, the growth indexes of Acorus tatarinowii, S. tonkinensis and Lotus planted under PbL decreased. The height, root length, number of roots and leaves of Acorus tatarinowii planted under PbL were lower than those planted in PbL alone. The above-ground dry weight and the underground dry weight of the three plants under the combined cultivation were significantly higher than those under the sole cultivation of PbL. There was no significant difference in other growth indexes between the sole cultivation and the sole cultivation. The results showed that the growth of three aquatic plants was inhibited to a certain extent, and the resistance of the three plants to plants was one more than that of the single plant. (3) The results showed that the contents of dissolved oxygen (DO) in three kinds of aquatic plants were higher than those in the control. The solution of three kinds of aquatic plants were alkaline as a whole; IPbL, NPbL, H + N and I + N were alkaline. ORP was higher than that of control, especially I + N treatment; bio-oxygen demand (BOD) was higher than that of control, HH, HPbL and H + I treatment; conductivity was the lowest in three aquatic plants combined cultivation. The contents of Zn, Cu and Zn decreased by 70.65%, 90.52% and 30.77% respectively compared with the blank treatment. (4) The Pb enrichment in the underground part of six aquatic plants was 21.5 times as much as that in the aboveground part of Acorus tatarinowii. The concentration of Cu in the upper part of Tongqian grassland was higher than that in the underground part, while that in the other five aquatic plants was higher than that in the above part. The results showed that all the six aquatic plants could grow in the leachate of lead tailings and could be used for the remediation of lead polluted water.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X173;X753

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