重金属矿山废水的硫酸盐还原菌处理研究

发布时间：2018-08-30 14:10

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展,导致对金属资源的需求不断增加。在矿产资源开发过程中,由于金属硫化矿遇空气发生自然氧化,并以矿坑涌水、淋滤水等形式进入环境,形成含有重金属和硫酸根为特点的矿山废水。由于矿山多在山区及饮用水源地上游,对饮用水安全保障造成重大威胁。本研究以硫酸盐还原菌对矿山废水进行生化处理,系统研究还原过程中涉硫组分的代谢过程及硫平衡,为废水中重金属离子形成硫化物沉淀提供代谢调控指导;研究涉硫组分与pH、氧化还原电位等监控指标的内在作用规律与机理,为厌氧生化处理提供实时监控;通过对微生物电子供体、毒性抑制产物、微量组分等研究,实现硫酸盐还原菌处理矿山废水的过程优化,为最终实现绿色、高效、低耗的矿山废水处理提供技术支撑。(1)研究结果表明:研究所用的混合菌种经鉴定为脱硫弧菌属,分析体系中的涉硫组分:出水硫酸根、出水硫离子、微生物硫组分、中间涉硫组分,建立出一套有效分离各个涉硫组分的分析测量方法。在硫酸盐还原菌对硫酸根的还原与代谢中间产物向最终产物硫离子的生化反应为限速步骤,且微生物胞内不存在硫组分的持续富集。反应结束后,体系中各主要硫形态占总硫为:残余SO42-最终占5.8%,S2-占76.9%,微生物硫占2.2%,中间涉硫组分占15.7%。(2)研究结果表明:在SRB还原硫酸盐体系中,SO42-的浓度变化不影响系统的pH值和ORP值;硫酸盐还原菌对硫酸根代谢过程在pH=7.2、ORP=-270mV附近存在转折,监控指标说明开始出现代谢中间产物的累积。后在pH=7.5、ORP=-160mV时说明限速因素解除。对于添加不同Cu2+浓度的SRB体系,随着Cu2+浓度增加,pH值越低、ORP值越高,不利于SRB生长。(3)针对微生物代谢碳源、微量元素刺激和毒性抑制解除进行研究。研究结果表明:在碳源类型研究中,SRB去除硫酸根的顺序是:乳酸钠葡萄糖白糖淀粉。Fe0的添加有助于硫酸盐还原过程。添加维生素C有助于SRB还原硫酸根。通过间歇添加Fe2+、Cu2+研究中,可有效解除硫离子的毒性抑制。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the demand for metal resources is increasing. In the process of mineral resources exploitation, the metal sulphide ore is naturally oxidized in the air and enters the environment in the form of mine water gushing and leaching water, which forms the mine wastewater characterized by heavy metals and sulphate. Because mines are mostly in the mountain areas and upstream of drinking water sources, it poses a great threat to the safety of drinking water. In this study, sulfate reducing bacteria were used to treat mine wastewater, and the metabolic process and sulfur balance of sulfur components involved in the reduction process were systematically studied, which provided the metabolic regulation guidance for heavy metal ions to form sulfide precipitation in wastewater. The internal action law and mechanism of sulfur components and pH, redox potential were studied in order to provide real-time monitoring for anaerobic biochemical treatment. The process optimization of sulfate reducing bacteria treatment of mine wastewater is realized, which provides technical support for the final realization of green, high efficiency and low consumption mine wastewater treatment. (1) the results show that the mixed bacteria used in the research are identified as Vibrio desulphurus. A set of analytical and measurement methods were established for the analysis of sulfur components in the system, such as water sulfate, effluent sulfur ion, microbial sulfur component and intermediate sulfur component. The rate limiting step was the reduction of sulfate radical by sulfate reducing bacteria and the biochemical reaction of the intermediate product of metabolism to the final product sulfur ion, and there was no continuous enrichment of sulfur component in the microorganism. After the reaction, The main sulfur forms in the system were as follows: residual SO42- accounted for 5.8S2- and 76.9%, microbial sulfur accounted for 2.2 and intermediate sulfur component accounted for 15.70.The results showed that the concentration change of so _ 42- in the system of SRB reduction sulfate had no effect on the pH value and ORP value of the system; Sulfate reducing bacteria had a turning point in the process of sulfate radical metabolism near pH=7.2,ORP=-270mV. The monitoring index indicated that the accumulation of metabolic intermediates began to appear. After the pH=7.5,ORP=-160mV, the speed limit factor was removed. For SRB system with different Cu2 concentration, the lower the pH value of Cu2 concentration is, the higher the SRB value is, which is not conducive to the growth of SRB. (3) aiming at microbial metabolism of carbon source, trace element stimulation and elimination of toxicity inhibition are studied. The results showed that the order of removal of sulfate by SRB in the study of carbon source type was: the addition of sodium lactate, glucose, sugar starch, Fe _ 0 was helpful to the sulfate reduction process. The addition of vitamin C helps SRB to reduce sulfate radical. In the study of intermittent addition of Fe2 Cu2, the toxicity inhibition of sulfur ions can be effectively relieved.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X753;X172

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