论东北亚煤炭供给圈的构建与开拓

发布时间：2018-09-01 07:51

【摘要】：近十多年来,中国经济的快速发展拉动了对能源的需求,导致煤炭消费量不断上升,2013年煤炭消费量达到36.7亿吨的天量,给国内资源与环境形成了巨大的压力。自2009年以来,煤炭进口量迅猛增长,国外煤炭的供给已经成为中国能源体系中必不可少的组成部分。虽然中国经济进入周期性调整时期,能源与煤炭的需求有所下降,但从长远来看,煤炭供给的压力仍然很大。目前,中国煤炭的主要进口国,如印尼、越南等的煤炭供给均不可持续,而澳大利亚运输距离较远,运输成本较高。但是,与中国毗邻的东北亚三国:俄罗斯(远东地区)、蒙古和朝鲜均是煤炭资源密集区。该区域不仅煤炭资源储量丰富,并且距中国运距短,运输成本低,但中国从这些国家的煤炭进口量却相对很少。从经济利益和效用最大化的角度看,建立和拓展东北亚煤炭供给圈能给相关国家均带来更大的福利。本文同时提出中国能源国际战略的新思维,即在与东北亚有关国家的合作中,以煤炭开发为切入点,扩大相关产业的合作,推动产业链的延伸,促进东北亚经济一体化的形成。在推动相关经贸发展的同时,扩大政治、文化等方面的交流,增强中国的影响力、亲和力,塑造良好的国际形象。
[Abstract]:In the past decade, the rapid development of China's economy has driven the demand for energy, which has led to an increase in coal consumption. In 2013, the coal consumption reached 3.67 billion tons, which has put great pressure on domestic resources and environment. Since 2009, the import of coal has increased rapidly, and the supply of foreign coal has become an indispensable part of China's energy system. Although China's economy has entered a period of cyclical adjustment, energy and coal demand has declined, but in the long run, the pressure on coal supply is still high. At present, China's major importers of coal, such as Indonesia, Vietnam and other coal supplies are unsustainable, while Australia transport distance is relatively long, transport costs are higher. But the three Northeast Asian countries bordering China: Russia (far East), Mongolia and North Korea are coal-rich areas. The region is not only rich in coal resources, but also short of transportation distance and low transportation cost, but China imports relatively little from these countries. From the point of view of maximization of economic benefits and utility, establishing and expanding the coal supply circle in Northeast Asia can bring greater welfare to all the countries concerned. At the same time, this paper puts forward the new thinking of China's energy international strategy, that is, in the cooperation with the countries concerned in Northeast Asia, we should take coal development as the starting point, expand the cooperation of related industries, promote the extension of industrial chain, and promote the formation of economic integration in Northeast Asia. While promoting the development of relevant economy and trade, we should expand political and cultural exchanges, enhance China's influence, affinity, and create a good international image.
【作者单位】：西南财经大学经济学院;成都工业学院经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“我国煤炭产量增长极限与煤炭资源可持续利用问题研究”(12AJY002)
【分类号】：F416.21

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