采煤沉陷区河湖连通与水生态模式构建综合技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 10:50

【摘要】：淮北地区两淮一宿(淮北市、宿州市及淮南市)采煤区现有采煤沉陷区沉陷面积达747.3km2,仅淮北市沉陷面积达412.9km2,平均水深为3~5m,最深达到8~12m,且在近15~20年内,平均每年以3%~5%的速度增加。根据水资源学、环境保护学和生态景观学原理,因地制宜地开发利用采煤沉陷区,利用采煤沉陷区引蓄雨洪资源,将沉陷区开发成以供水为主要目的的蓄水湖泊,开展采煤沉陷区河湖连通与水生态模式构建技术研究,开发利用采煤沉陷区水资源,可缓解该区水资源短缺形势,改善区域生态环境和地质环境,实现沉陷区危害最小、效益最大和资源、环境、经济全面协调发展。该课题选择淮南市、宿州市及淮北市采煤沉陷区作为淮北地区采煤沉陷区主要研究区,其中宿州市朱仙芦岭矿、祁桃钱矿采煤沉陷区作为河湖连通技术的研究区,宿州市朱仙庄、芦岭采煤沉陷区作为水生态模式构建技术方案的研究区。主要内容包括:(1)采煤沉陷区现状与发展调查分析:以淮北市、宿州市和淮南市采煤沉陷蓄水区及其周边河流水系为重点,采取典型调研与面上调查相结合的方式,调查收集采煤沉陷区所在矿区基本情况资料、重点采煤沉陷区分布情况、沉陷区面积和容积、沉陷区特征,并阐述了未来这些沉陷区的沉陷面积、体积等。(2)采煤沉陷区河湖连通技术的研究:以宿州市采煤沉陷区为研究对象,系统分析采煤沉陷区内部、外部连通技术方案;采用湖泊形态法等方法,研究沉陷区的最高蓄水位(分汛期和非汛期)、正常蓄水位和生态蓄水位;研究河道可引水量及沉陷区可供水量的关系,计算可供水量和可引水量。(3)采煤沉陷区水生态模式构建技术的研究:以宿州市朱仙庄、芦岭沉陷区为研究对象,以两个相近的沉陷区作为一个单元系统,提出兼有养殖型、景观型和净化型功能的综合型水生态模式,即“引水湖+生态沟渠+供水湖”三级水生态模式。通过采煤沉陷区河湖连通技术研究,实现了采煤沉陷区“蓄水、供水”水资源开发利用模式;通过采煤沉陷区水生态模式构建技术研究,提出了“引水湖+生态沟渠+供水湖”三级水生态模式,最终形成采煤沉陷区“蓄水、供水、水生态系统”综合利用模式,是有效解决淮北地区水资源短缺和降污减排的有效措施之一,对于改善生态环境和人居环境具有重要的意义,在类似煤矿开采地区有推广应用价值。
[Abstract]:In Huai Bei, Suzhou and Huainan coal mining areas, the present subsidence area is 747.3 km ~ 2, only Huaibei City is 412.9 km ~ 2, the average water depth is 3 ~ 5 m, and the deepest water depth is 80.12 m. In the last 15 ~ 20 years, the average annual subsidence area increases by 32.5%. According to the principles of water resources science, environmental protection science and ecological landscape science, the mining subsidence area is developed according to local conditions, and the rainwater and flood resources are drawn from the coal mining subsidence area, and the subsidence area is developed into a water storage lake with the main purpose of water supply. Research on the construction technology of river and lake connectivity and water ecological model in coal mining subsidence area and exploitation and utilization of water resources in coal mining subsidence area can alleviate the shortage of water resources in this area, improve the regional ecological environment and geological environment, and realize the minimum harm of subsidence area. Maximum benefit and comprehensive and coordinated development of resources, environment, and economy. In this project, Huainan City, Suzhou City and Huaibei City are selected as the main research areas of coal mining subsidence area in Huaibei area, among which the mining subsidence area of Zhuxianluling Mine and Qidaoqian Mine is used as the research area of river and lake connectivity technology. Zhuxianzhuang, Suzhou City, Luling coal mining subsidence area as a hydroecological model construction technology project research area. The main contents are as follows: (1) investigation and analysis of the present situation and development of coal mining subsidence area: taking coal mining subsidence storage area and its surrounding river system in Huaibei City, Suzhou City and Huainan City as the emphasis, adopting the method of combining typical investigation and surface investigation. The investigation and collection of the basic information of the mining area in which the mining subsidence area is located, the distribution of the coal mining subsidence area, the area and volume of the subsidence area, the characteristics of the subsidence area, and the settlement area of these subsidence areas in the future are described. Volume and so on. (2) the study of river and lake connectivity technology in mining subsidence area: taking the coal mining subsidence area of Suzhou as the research object, systematically analyzing the technical scheme of internal and external connectivity of coal mining subsidence area, adopting the method of lake shape, etc. This paper studies the maximum storage water level (divided into flood season and non-flood season), normal storage water level and ecological storage water level in the subsidence area, and studies the relationship between the river diversion capacity and the available water supply in the subsidence area. (3) study on the construction technology of water ecological model in coal mining subsidence area: taking the Zhuxianzhuang and Luling subsidence areas of Suzhou City as the research object, taking two similar subsidence areas as a unit system, the paper puts forward that there are two types of aquiculture. The comprehensive water ecological model of landscape type and purifying function, that is, "water diversion lake ecological ditch water supply lake" three-level water ecological model. Through the study of river and lake connectivity technology in coal mining subsidence area, the water resources development and utilization mode of coal mining subsidence area "water storage and water supply" is realized, and the technology of constructing water ecological model in coal mining subsidence area is studied. This paper puts forward the three-level water ecological model of "ecological ditch water supply lake", and finally forms the comprehensive utilization mode of "water storage, water supply and water ecosystem" in coal mining subsidence area. It is one of the effective measures to solve the shortage of water resources and reduce pollution and emission reduction in Huaibei area. It is of great significance to improve the ecological environment and human settlement environment. It is worth popularizing and applying in similar coal mining areas.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV213.4;X752

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