新型装药结构对预裂爆破效果影响的试验研究

发布时间：2018-09-12 19:07

【摘要】：在路堑开挖、边坡预留等爆破工程中,预裂爆破得到了较为广泛的使用。装药结构是影响预裂爆破效果的重要因素之一。目前较为普遍的传统装药结构是将小直径药卷跟导爆索一同捆扎在竹片上,装药时通过改变药卷间距来实现设计的线装药密度。但装药过程繁琐低效、较难实现不耦合居中装药等问题,严重影响了预裂爆破技术的应用和推广。本文通过分析爆破破碎原理及预裂爆破成缝机理等,对基于聚能作用和不耦合装药理论为基础的一种新型装药结构双向轴对称聚能槽居中药管进行结构上的改进,使其不仅符合实际生产要求,制作更为简单,同时还能节约一定成本。结合实际工程,确定预裂爆破参数和施工技术,设计新型装药结构参数优化试验,得出最佳的切缝宽度和切缝长度。在控制相同的试验条件下,根据优化试验得出的结论确定新型装药结构结构参数,将该新型装药结构与传统装药结构进行对比试验,从而验证装置在预裂爆破中的优越性。通过上述工作,主要得到以下结论:改进后的新型装药结构在可行性、装药效率及经济效率等方面具有一定优势。通过新型装药结构参数优化试验,得出主要结构参数切割宽度和切割长度对预裂爆破效果有一定影响,当切缝宽度为1cm,切缝长度为0.8m时,预裂成缝效果最好。通过新型装药结构和传统装药结构的对比试验,综合分析后得出新型装药结构在成本上略高于传统装药结构,但从装药效率、可控性及预裂爆破效果上都具有一定优势。
[Abstract]:Pre-splitting blasting has been widely used in cutting excavation, slope reservation and other blasting projects. Charge structure is one of the important factors affecting the effect of pre-splitting blasting. At present, the traditional charge structure is to bind the small diameter coils to the bamboo sheet with the detonation cable, and to realize the designed line charge density by changing the distance between the charge coils. However, the process of charge is cumbersome and inefficient, and it is difficult to realize uncoupled intermediate charge, which seriously affects the application and popularization of pre-splitting blasting technology. Based on the analysis of blasting breakage principle and pre-splitting blasting jointing mechanism, this paper improves the structure of a new type of charge structure based on the theory of accumulative energy and uncoupling charge, which is a new type of bidirectional axisymmetric shaped charge tube. It not only meets the actual production requirements, but also saves some cost. Combined with practical engineering, the parameters and construction technology of pre-splitting blasting are determined, and the optimum test of structural parameters of new charge is designed, and the optimum width and length of cutting joint are obtained. Under the same control conditions, the parameters of the new charge structure are determined according to the conclusion of the optimization test, and the comparison test between the new charge structure and the traditional charge structure is carried out to verify the superiority of the device in pre-splitting blasting. Through the above work, the main conclusions are as follows: the improved new charge structure has certain advantages in feasibility, charge efficiency and economic efficiency. By optimizing the structural parameters of the new charge, it is concluded that the cutting width and the cutting length of the main structural parameters have certain influence on the pre-splitting blasting effect. When the width of the cutting joint is 1 cm and the length of the cut joint is 0.8 m, the effect of pre-splitting is the best. By comparing the new charge structure with the traditional charge structure, the comprehensive analysis shows that the new charge structure is slightly higher in cost than the traditional charge structure, but it has some advantages in charge efficiency, controllability and pre-splitting blasting effect.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD235

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