哈日陶勒盖复杂难选氧化铅矿选矿回收工艺研究与开发

发布时间：2018-09-19 11:44

【摘要】：论文研究内容来自于校企合作项目,为了给选厂提供技术数据及理论指导,创造企业经济价值,同时对类似矿种的研究提供借鉴资料,论文进行了以下研究。论文研究对象为难选氧化铅矿,氧化铅物相组成复杂,难选氧化铅含量高,原矿含泥影响较大,含铁、砷、硫较高,与常见氧化铅有性质差异。工艺矿物学表明,矿石含铅7.95%,氧化率43.99%,矿石中的铅矿物主要为方铅矿和白铅矿,其次为砷铅矿、铁铅矿以及少量的铅矾和斜硫锑铅矿等；砷矿物主要为毒砂；硫矿物主要为黄铁矿。其它矿物主要为褐铁矿、磁铁矿、方解石、石英、白云石,其次为绿帘石、长石、绢云母、磁黄铁矿等。矿石中的铅以独立矿物形式存在、以分散状态赋存在其它矿物中、以微细粒的形式存在于细泥中,特别是白铅矿与褐铁矿的嵌布关系比较密切,常连生在一起。其中方铅矿占56.01%；白铅矿占16.81%,铅矾占4.69%,属于易选矿物；砷铅矿占9.25%,铁铅矿占10.68%,属于难选矿物。原矿-2mm粒度分析表明,-0.01mm产率占9.00%,金属分布律占10.10%；原矿各粒级中铅品位几乎一致,呈现均匀分布,加大选别困难。磨矿产品镜下观察表明,各种矿物可磨性不一,石英、方解石等脉石较硬,方铅矿性脆,氧化铅易泥化,褐铁矿易泥化。磨矿过细会造成过粉碎和泥化,磨矿过粗影响有用矿物的解离度,都会影响浮选回收。确定的最佳磨矿粒度为-200目72.18%。选矿试验采用“硫化物混合浮选-混合精矿分离-氧化铅浮选”原则流程。选矿过程研究表明,矿泥对选矿的各个环节都存在较大的影响；硫化物混合浮选总体正常；硫化物混合精矿分离浮选重在消除或减少矿泥的影响,控制石灰的用量和保证矿浆pH值,才能实现硫化铅与毒砂和黄铁矿的分离；氧化铅矿回收在于强化硫化和活化过程。浮选流程研究表明,采用中矿循序返回的常规流程(图8-3)效果差,采用新型工艺流程(图8-5)比常规浮选工艺流程可提高最终指标,铅精矿品位提高了18.63个百分点,回收率增加了17.68个百分点。新型工艺流程获得硫化铅产率7.55%,品位45.13%,回收率43.45%,含砷0.64%的指标；氧化铅产率4.04%,品位25.41%、回收率13.09%、含砷0.47%的精矿指标：砷硫精矿产率14.43%,砷品位13.20%,其中铅品位4.02%,铅损失率7.40%；硫化铅和氧化铅综合精矿：产率11.59%、品位38.25%、回收率56.54%、砷含量0.58%；尾矿产率73.99%,含砷3.01%,含铅3.82%、损失36.06%。通过镜下观察,浮选总尾矿中损失的铅主要是以铅的独立矿物形式存在的砷铅矿,其次以分散态赋存于褐铁矿中的白铅矿。这也是造成铅回收率难以进一步提高的主要原因。浮选尾矿采用重选可进一步回收铅,但回收率提高幅度小,选别意义不大；弱磁选能够回收浮选尾矿中的磁铁矿,可考虑回收。
[Abstract]:In order to provide technical data and theoretical guidance to the separation plant and create economic value of the enterprise, the paper provides reference materials for the study of similar minerals, and carries out the following research. The object of this paper is difficult to separate lead oxide ore. The phase composition of lead oxide is complex and the content of lead oxide is high. The ore has a great influence on mud, iron, arsenic and sulfur, which is different from common lead oxide. The technological mineralogy shows that the ore contains 7.95 lead, and the oxidation rate is 43.99. The lead minerals in the ore are mainly galena and white lead, followed by arsenic lead, iron lead and a small amount of lead alum and ortho antimony lead, etc. The arsenic minerals are mainly arsenopyrite. The sulfur minerals are mainly pyrite. Other minerals are mainly limonite, magnetite, calcite, quartz, dolomite, followed by verdant, feldspar, sericite, pyrrhotite and so on. Lead in ore exists in the form of independent minerals, occurs in other minerals in a dispersed state, and in fine mud in the form of fine particles, especially the white lead ore is closely related to the inlay of limonite, and it is frequently occurring together. Among them, galena accounts for 56.01, white lead for 16.81, lead alum for 4.69, arsenic for 9.25 and iron for 10.68, which is a refractory mineral. The particle size analysis of the raw ore shows that the yield of the ore is 9.00 mm and the distribution law of metal is 10.10, and the lead grade in each grade of the ore is almost the same, showing a uniform distribution and increasing the separation difficulty. The microscopic observation of grinding products shows that the grindability of various minerals is different, the gangue such as quartz and calcite are hard, galena is brittle, lead oxide is easy to muddy, and limonite is easy to muddy. Grinding too fine will lead to over-crushing and mudding, too coarse grinding will affect the degree of dissociation of useful minerals, and will affect flotation recovery. The optimum grinding size is -200 mesh 72.18 mesh. The principle of "sulphide mixed flotation-mixed concentrate separation-lead oxide flotation" was adopted in the ore dressing test. The study on the process of mineral processing shows that the ore sludge has a great influence on each link of mineral processing, the mixed flotation of sulphide is normal, the separation flotation of mixed concentrate of sulfide is mainly to eliminate or reduce the influence of slime. The separation of lead sulfide from arsenopyrite and pyrite can be realized only by controlling the amount of lime and ensuring the pH value of slurry, and the recovery of lead oxide depends on strengthening the process of vulcanization and activation. The study of flotation process shows that the conventional process (Fig. 8-3) used for sequential return of middle ore has a poor effect, and the final index can be improved by using a new process (Fig. 8-5), and the grade of lead concentrate is increased by 18.63 percentage points. The recovery rate increased by 17.68 percentage points. The new process obtained the indexes of lead sulfide yield 7.55, grade 45.13, recovery rate 43.45 and arsenic 0.64%, lead oxide yield 4.04, grade 25.41, recovery 13.09, arsenic 0.47%: arsenic concentrate 14.43, arsenic grade 13.20, lead grade 4.02, lead loss 7.40; The comprehensive concentrate of lead sulfide and lead oxide: the yield is 11.599.The grade is 38.25, the recovery rate is 56.54, the arsenic content is 0.58; the tailings yield is 73.999.The arsenic content is 3.01, the lead content is 3.82 and the loss is 36.06. Under the microscope, the lead lost in the total tailings of flotation is mainly arsenic lead ores in the form of independent minerals of lead, followed by white lead ores which are dispersed in limonite. This is also the main reason that lead recovery is difficult to improve further. Gravity separation of flotation tailings can further recover lead, but the recovery rate is small and the separation significance is not significant, and weak magnetic separation can recover magnetite from flotation tailings, which can be considered for recovery.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD952

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