基于ADAMS薄煤层采煤机截割部齿轮传动动力学分析

发布时间：2018-10-11 06:52

【摘要】：齿轮传动是采煤机截割部动力传递的关键组件,其性能决定整机的工作效率和使用寿命。由于薄煤层采煤机结构紧凑、采煤空间狭小、工况恶劣、受到各种冲击载荷,同时齿轮在工作中单、双齿交替啮合所引起啮合刚度的变化以及扭矩轴和电机特性等影响,使截割部齿轮传动部分在工作过程中产生较大的冲击载荷作用,对齿轮传动性能产生较大影响。对齿轮传动进行动态分析可以较为全面地反映齿轮在传动过程中的动态特性。针对某型号双电机驱动薄煤层采煤机截割部齿轮传动进行实体建模,在施加恒定扭矩条件进行动力学仿真分析,主要内容如下:首先,利用UG建立了薄煤层采煤机截割部各部分齿轮和扭矩轴三维实体模型,并对其进行虚拟装配和干涉检验。其次,针对制造和安装误差等原因,各齿轮之间的中心距会存在偏差,而中心距安装偏差对传动机构有一定的载荷波动影响。着重对双电机驱动承受最大理论负载的三轴和四轴齿轮进行研究,通过对三轴和四轴齿轮存在中心距偏差时进行动力学仿真分析,得到各齿轮受到载荷的波动率与中心距偏差成先减小后增大的关系。中心距安装误差在041.0021.0175+-mm范围内波动比较小,而偏差超过后波动较大。再次,针对制造误差等原因使得两电机的输出特性不完全一致这一现实进行分析。研究表明,当电机存在转速差时对传动系统产生拍振的作用,进而加重啮合冲击。利用ADAMS对齿轮传动进行动力学分析,得到1、2轴齿轮载荷波动值较大,且随着转速差的增大而逐渐增大,两电机的转速差不宜超过5 r/min。当电动机存在转速差时,转速低的电机安装在1轴上,转速高的电动机安装在3轴上,这样各齿轮受到的载荷、振动相对较小。最后,针对电机扭矩轴和中间过渡扭矩轴刚度大小影响各齿轮受到载荷波动的问题。分别通过考虑电机扭矩轴和中间过渡扭矩轴的刚度,利用ADAMS对薄煤层采煤机截割部齿轮传动部分进行动力学仿真分析。在电机扭矩轴和中间过渡扭矩轴长度不变的情况下,得到直径分别为39~41 mm、42~44 mm时,薄煤层采煤机截割部齿轮传动比较平稳、振动相对较小、综合性能比较好。另外,针对末级行星机构传动轴的刚度对行星传动进行动力学仿真分析,得到传动轴的外径为80~82 mm,内径为35 mm时,行星机构中各齿轮之间的啮合力波动比较小、振动较小。
[Abstract]:Gear transmission is the key component of power transmission in cutting part of shearer. Its performance determines the working efficiency and service life of the whole machine. Because of the compact structure of thin coal seam shearer, narrow coal mining space, bad working conditions and various impact loads, at the same time, the change of meshing stiffness caused by single and double teeth alternately meshing gears, as well as the characteristics of torque shaft and motor, etc. The cutting part of the gear drive has a great impact load in the working process, which has a great impact on the transmission performance of the gear. Dynamic analysis of gear transmission can fully reflect the dynamic characteristics of gear in the process of transmission. Aiming at a certain type of double motor driven thin coal seam shearer cutting gear drive, the solid modeling is carried out, and the dynamic simulation analysis is carried out under the condition of constant torque. The main contents are as follows: first, Three dimensional solid model of gear and torque axis of cutting part of thin coal seam shearer is established by UG, and virtual assembly and interference test are carried out. Secondly, in view of the manufacturing and installation error, the center distance between the gears will be deviated, and the center distance installation deviation will have a certain impact on the load fluctuation of the transmission mechanism. This paper focuses on the study of the three-axis and four-axis gears which are driven by the double motor under the maximum theoretical load. The dynamic simulation analysis is carried out on the three-axis and four-axis gears when there is the center distance deviation. The relation between the fluctuation rate of each gear under load and the deviation of center distance is obtained, which decreases first and then increases. The center distance installation error in the range of 041.0021.0175-mm is relatively small, but after the deviation exceeds, the fluctuation is larger. Thirdly, this paper analyzes the fact that the output characteristics of the two motors are not completely consistent due to the manufacturing errors. The results show that the motor has the effect of striking vibration when the speed difference of the motor exists, and then the meshing impact is aggravated. The dynamic analysis of gear transmission by ADAMS shows that the load fluctuation value of the gear with one shaft and two shafts is large and increases gradually with the increase of rotational speed difference, and the difference between the two motors should not exceed 5 r / min. When the speed difference of the motor exists, the motor with low speed is installed on the 1 axis and the motor with high speed is installed on the 3 axis, so the load on each gear is relatively small. Finally, the stiffness of the motor torque shaft and the intermediate transition torque shaft affects the load fluctuation of each gear. By considering the stiffness of motor torque shaft and intermediate transition torque shaft, the dynamic simulation analysis of the gear transmission part of the cutting part of the thin coal seam shearer is carried out by using ADAMS. Under the condition of constant length of motor torque shaft and intermediate transition torque shaft, when the diameter is 39 ~ 41 mm,42~44 mm, the gear drive of cutting part of thin coal seam shearer is stable, the vibration is relatively small, and the comprehensive performance is better. In addition, according to the stiffness of the drive shaft of the final planetary mechanism, the dynamic simulation analysis of the planetary transmission is carried out. When the outer diameter of the drive shaft is 80 ~ 82 mm, and the inner diameter is 35 mm, the meshing force between the gears in the planetary mechanism is relatively small and the vibration is small.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD421.63

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