二氧化碳致裂技术及在煤矿安全生产中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-10-12 18:48

【摘要】：二氧化碳致裂技术是一种利用气体相变原理致裂爆破的方法,具有致裂过程不产生火花,致裂威力可控,储存与运输安全和操作便捷等诸多优点。煤科集团沈阳研究院有限公司通过对该项技术和产品的研发与改进,在不同矿区进行了大量现场试验,尝试探寻该技术在煤矿安全生产的不同领域中的应用,以便更好服务于矿井生产。本文首先对二氧化碳致裂技术、致裂原理、爆破机理进行了分析。认为二氧化碳致裂的本质是通过高压气体和应力波的共同作用对煤(岩)体进行破坏,产生裂隙和位移。根据岩石力学和气体爆破等理论尝试运用数值模拟推算致裂过程中的裂隙发育情况及其影响范围,为现场应用提供理论参考。其次,系统地介绍二氧化碳致裂设备产品构造、功能、型号参数及灌装加注和爆破工艺流程,归纳总结了二氧化碳致裂技术特点以及在应用中注意事项。随后,对二氧化碳深孔预裂爆破在低透气性煤层增透和巷道快速掘进增透消突领域的应用进行了研究。在低透气性煤层中采用爆破钻孔和抽采观察钻孔交叉布置的方法,预裂爆破后巷道煤壁和爆破孔内形成明显裂隙,对比致裂前后瓦斯抽采浓度及纯量提高效果明显。在煤巷掘进工作面采取条带式钻孔深孔预裂爆破和预抽相结合的方法进行消突,实施后钻孔内瓦斯浓度提高2～3倍,爆破前掘进期间回风流瓦斯浓度为0.78%,爆破后经预抽瓦斯,掘进期间回风流瓦斯浓度为0.28%,掘进预抽期缩短一半以上。在矿井煤(岩)体松动与破碎应用中,包括落煤、处理底鼓、过工作面断层、大块矸石处理等领域,自由面状况、煤(岩)体硬度和节理发育程度、钻孔参数、地质条件等因素对应用效果影响较大。在落煤生产中,单孔爆破落煤1.5t～3t,块煤率在80%左右,垮落煤块在1m～3m范围内;岩石松动和破碎中,自由面状况较差时,可适当调整钻孔参数营造自由面,为岩体松动位移提供空间。钻孔布置孔间距在0.8m～2.5m,钻孔角度30°～60°,更易于破碎和裂隙延伸。
[Abstract]:Carbon dioxide cracking technology is a method of cracking and blasting based on the principle of gas phase transformation. It has many advantages, such as no sparks produced in the process of cracking, controllable splitting power, safe storage and transportation, and convenient operation and so on. Through the research and improvement of the technology and products, Shenyang Research Institute Co., Ltd. of Coal Group has carried out a large number of field tests in different mining areas to try to explore the application of the technology in different fields of coal mine safety production. In order to better serve the mine production. In this paper, the technology of carbon dioxide cracking, the principle of cracking and the mechanism of blasting are analyzed. It is considered that the essence of carbon dioxide cracking is to destroy coal (rock) body through the interaction of high pressure gas and stress wave, resulting in fracture and displacement. According to the theory of rock mechanics and gas blasting, this paper attempts to use numerical simulation to calculate the crack development in the process of fracture and its influence range, which provides a theoretical reference for the field application. Secondly, the product structure, function, model parameters, filling, injection and blasting process of carbon dioxide cracking equipment are systematically introduced, and the characteristics of carbon dioxide cracking technology and matters needing attention in application are summarized. Then, the application of CO _ 2 deep-hole pre-splitting blasting in the field of anti-penetration in low-permeability coal seam and fast tunneling in roadway is studied. In the low permeability coal seam, the obvious cracks were formed in the coal wall and the blasting hole after pre-splitting blasting by using the method of blasting drilling and mining observation to observe the cross arrangement of the boreholes, and the effect of increasing the concentration and scalar quantity of gas extraction before and after splitting was obvious. In the coal roadway driving face, the combined method of deep hole pre-split blasting and pre-drainage is adopted to eliminate outburst. After the implementation, the gas concentration in the borehole is increased by 2 times, the gas concentration in the return air flow is 0.78 during the excavation period before blasting, and the gas is pre-pumped after blasting. The gas concentration of return air flow during tunneling is 0.28 and the advance drainage period is shortened by more than half. In the application of coal (rock) body loosening and breaking in coal mine, including coal falling, treating bottom drum, working face fault, large gangue treatment, free surface condition, hardness and joint development degree of coal (rock) body, drilling parameters, etc. Geological conditions and other factors have great influence on the application effect. In the production of coal falling, the single hole blasting caving coal is 1.5 t ~ 3 t, the lump coal rate is about 80%, and the caving coal block is within the range of 1m~3m, when the rock is loose and broken and the free surface condition is poor, the drilling parameters can be adjusted appropriately to create the free surface. Provide space for loose displacement of rock mass. The hole spacing is 0.8m ~ 2.5m, the angle of drilling is 30 掳~ 60 掳, it is easier to fracture and crack extension.
【学位授予单位】：煤炭科学研究总院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD712.6

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