中深孔爆破诱导冒落处理采空区技术研究

发布时间：2018-10-17 19:33

【摘要】：当前空场法采矿仍是采矿效率较高、成本较低的采矿方法之一,该采矿方法在我国地下矿中占有较大比例的比例。其矿房回采后,留下大量采空区。及时采取技术可行、经济合理、简便适用的方法处理采空区,是保障下部生产阶段作业人员和设备的安全的必要工艺之一。根据矿山的工程地质条件,在国内外采空区处理技术发展过程的基础上,通过力学分析计算,开展了适合矿山具体情况的爆破诱导冒落法处理采空区。围绕这一课题大体在下列一些方面进行研究:通过脑峪门铁矿采空区现场调查,生成脑峪门铁矿采空区现状的三维模型;通过分析了矿山的矿、岩的物理力学性质及稳固性,确定采用诱导冒落的方法处理采空区。根据诱导冒落原理,结合矿山下一步的采用无底柱分段崩落法的规划,确定采用中深孔爆破进行诱导冒落的方法。通过数值计算,分析计算诱导上盘围岩大面积冒落所需要的空间,为爆破设计提供依据。根据诱导冒落的需要,确定爆破范围,设计爆破参数,并进行相应的验算,保证爆破后形成足够的缓冲层,且满足周围的构筑物对爆破震动的要求。根据设计资料,组织现场工程试验,并在施工过程中,调整优化爆破方案;通过现场试验,形成了足够厚度的缓冲层,进一步冒落后,采空区得到了有效处理,相应地在地表形成了大量下沉。通过这几个方面的研究工作及现场的工程试验,确定了该矿山采用中深孔爆破诱导冒落处理采空区的技术方案,较好地解决了以前采空区处理存在的施工难度大、成本高、效率低的实际问题。通过现场工程应用,针对矿山工程地质条件,验证了该方法是适应该矿山的高效率、低成本、安全性高的采空区处理方法。
[Abstract]:At present, open-pit mining is still one of the mining methods with high mining efficiency and low cost, which accounts for a large proportion of underground mines in China. The mine house after mining, leaving a large number of goaf. It is one of the necessary processes to ensure the safety of the workers and equipment in the lower production stage by adopting timely and feasible, economical, reasonable and simple and applicable methods to deal with the goaf. According to the engineering geological conditions of the mine, on the basis of the development process of the goaf treatment technology at home and abroad and through the mechanical analysis and calculation, the blasting induced caving method suitable for the specific conditions of the mine is carried out to deal with the goaf. The research on this subject is carried out in the following aspects: through the field investigation of goaf in Naoyumen Iron Mine, the 3D model of the present situation of goaf in Naoyumen Iron Mine is generated, and the physical and mechanical properties and stability of the ore and rock are analyzed. The method of induced caving was adopted to deal with the goaf. According to the principle of induced caving, combined with the planning of sublevel caving without bottom pillar, the method of inducing caving by medium and long hole blasting is determined. Through numerical calculation, the space needed to induce large area caving of upper wall rock is analyzed and calculated, which provides the basis for blasting design. According to the need of induced caving, the blasting range is determined, the blasting parameters are designed, and the corresponding checking calculation is carried out to ensure the formation of sufficient buffer layer after blasting and to meet the requirements of the surrounding structures for blasting vibration. According to the design data, the field engineering test is organized, and the blasting scheme is adjusted and optimized during the construction process. Through the field test, a buffer layer with sufficient thickness is formed, further falling behind, and the goaf is effectively treated. Accordingly, a great deal of subsidence was formed on the surface of the earth. Through the research work in these aspects and the field engineering test, the technical scheme of treating goaf with medium and deep hole blasting induced caving in this mine has been determined, which has solved the difficulty and high cost in the construction of goaf treatment in the past. A practical problem of inefficiency. According to the geological conditions of mine engineering, the method is proved to be a high efficiency, low cost and high safety goaf treatment method.
【学位授予单位】：华北理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD861.1;TD325.3

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