时序SAR技术在矿区形变监测中的应用

发布时间：2018-10-26 19:11

【摘要】：煤炭是我国重要的基础能源,其储量在世界排名位列第三,在我国能源开发利用比重中煤炭资源占据绝对的主导地位,煤炭资源的大规模、高强度开采一方面为我国基础建设、经济发展提供能源支持,另一面也给矿区的生态环境带来严峻挑战。煤炭资源高强度大范围开采,导致矿区的采空区面积不断增大,引发严重的矿区生态环境问题,对开采沉陷进行实时动态监测、研究分析矿区沉降规律对解决矿区环境问题至关重要。常规的监测方法在一定程度上可以满足矿区沉陷监测的要求,但存在劳动强度大、效率低下等问题。新兴的DIn SAR技术具有全天候、全天时获取大面积区域沉降的能力,观测精度达到厘米甚至毫米量级,但由于受时间和空间基线失相关、大气延迟的影响,降低了该技术的测量精度进而制约了其在长时间形变监测中的应用。高级时序SAR技术可以克服时空基线失相干、大气相位延迟等问题,能够获取观测区域高分辨率、高精度、长时间序列的地面形变,在矿区沉降监测方面具有巨大的应用前景。本文主要采用Stacking技术、Sta MPS技术、Sta MPS/MTI技术对矿区地表沉降进行监测,主要研究工作及成果如下:(1)根据时间基线、垂直基线以及频率基线构建综合相干系数模型,挑选公共主影像,利用Sta MPS技术对沛北地区12景ALOS卫星影像进行处理,分析了矿区的沉降速率、时序沉降变化,指出Sta MPS技术使用ALOS卫星影像存在的问题以及该技术在监测煤矿开采沉陷区域的适用性。(2)分别使用Sta MPS、Stacking、Sta MPS/MTI三种时序SAR技术对13景Terra SAR数据进行处理,分析Sta MPS/MTI技术获取的DEM残差相位、卫星轨道误差相位以及大气延迟相位对监测结果的影响,对比分析三种时序SAR技术获得的沉降速率、时序沉降变化、累计沉降值等方面的差异性。(3)利用Sta MPS/MTI技术获得的沉降速率、时序累计沉降值对矿区的地表沉降进行分析。在矿区2310工作面分别以100m为间隔提取4个观测点,分析沉降值随时间的变化特征,发现沉降值随时间成线性变化规律;在工作面走向方向和倾向方向布设观测点,提取观测点的时序累计沉降值,分析各工作面在走向方向和倾向方向的沉降规律。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important basic energy source in our country, and its reserves rank third in the world. Coal resources occupy an absolute dominant position in the proportion of energy exploitation and utilization in China. On the one hand, the large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources is the basic construction of our country. Economic development provides energy support, on the other hand, it also brings severe challenges to the ecological environment of mining areas. The high intensity and large-scale mining of coal resources leads to the continuous increase of goaf area in mining area, which leads to serious ecological environmental problems in mining area, and carries out real-time dynamic monitoring of mining subsidence. It is very important to study and analyze the settlement law of mining area to solve the environmental problem of mining area. The conventional monitoring method can meet the requirements of mining subsidence monitoring to a certain extent, but there are some problems such as high labor intensity and low efficiency. The emerging DIn SAR technology has the ability to obtain large area subsidence all day, and the observation accuracy reaches centimeter or even millimeter, but due to the time and space baseline loss, the atmospheric delay is affected. The accuracy of this technique is reduced and its application in long time deformation monitoring is restricted. The advanced time series SAR technique can overcome the problems of spatiotemporal baseline incoherence and atmospheric phase delay, and can obtain the ground deformation of high resolution, high precision and long time series in the observation area. It has a great application prospect in monitoring the subsidence of mining area. In this paper, Stacking technology, Sta MPS technology and Sta MPS/MTI technology are used to monitor the surface subsidence of mining area. The main research work and results are as follows: (1) according to the time baseline, vertical baseline and frequency baseline, the integrated coherence coefficient model is constructed. The common main image is selected, and the 12 ALOS satellite images in Peibei area are processed by using Sta MPS technology. The subsidence rate and time series settlement change of the mining area are analyzed. This paper points out the problems existing in using ALOS satellite images in Sta MPS technology and its applicability in monitoring subsidence areas of coal mining. (2) the 13 scene Terra SAR data are processed by Sta MPS,Stacking,Sta MPS/MTI three time series SAR techniques, respectively. The effects of DEM residual phase, satellite orbit error phase and atmospheric delay phase obtained by Sta MPS/MTI technology on the monitoring results are analyzed. (3) the subsidence rate obtained by Sta MPS/MTI technique and the time series cumulative settlement value are used to analyze the surface subsidence of mining area. Four observation points were extracted from 2310 face of mining area at intervals of 100m, and the variation characteristics of settlement value with time were analyzed, and it was found that settlement value changed linearly with time. The observation points are set up in the direction of direction and inclination of working face, the time series cumulative settlement value of observation point is extracted, and the settlement law of each face in the direction of direction and inclination is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD325.4

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