三维地震资料深度成像应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 12:37

【摘要】：随着我国陆上勘探的发展,勘探开发难度逐渐加大,地震资料处理的难度也越来越大,地震资料解释对资料处理精度的需求也愈来愈高,叠后偏移及叠前时间偏移难以满足高精度构造成像及储层描述的需要,叠前深度偏移越来越被重视。本文主要研究三维地震资料叠前偏移数据准备、速度建模及叠前逆时偏移的方法技术。计算效率高,对陡倾角地层有一定适应能力的Kichhoff积分法叠前深度偏移在工业生产中应用广泛,它之所以在生产中占有如此重要的位置主要是由于它的计算效率高、适应能力强,且与其相配套的偏移速度分析方法相对完善,但其存在一定的缺点,譬如容易产生假频、振幅保真性差、成像精度不高及多路径问题等。波动方程相对Kichhoff叠前深度偏移来说,其在计算过程中通过波场延拓来实现,不考虑走时和振幅,成像精度高,振幅保真性好,地震波动力学特征能得到很好的保持,随着GPU技术的进步,其计算量大的问题也得到了解决,工业化程度愈来愈高,因此,基于波动方程的叠前深度偏移技术已经成为今后叠前偏移技术的发展方向。速度模型是叠前深度偏移的核心要素,偏移是对其检验的的方法,两者关系密不可分,本文结合苏北某区的实际地震资料特点,在前人研究的基础上,总结出了适应于本研究区域的叠前深度偏移方法。本文针对该区地震资料特点,应用Omega、Marvel处理系统,通过多属性一致性处理、相对振幅保持与保真精细处理、高精度速度分析、高分辨率、高精度叠前成像等处理技术,提高了地震成像精度,取得了波组特征清晰、断层归位准确、高分辨率、地质现象明显的高品质三维地震成果,戴南组地层超覆尖灭点清楚、阜三段内幕反射波组清晰,为整体研究某区沉积相带、岩性展布及油气成藏规律,开展构造精细描述、砂体与储层预测、寻找有利相带及隐蔽性圈闭研究提供了可靠的基础资料。
[Abstract]:With the development of onshore exploration in China, the difficulty of exploration and development is gradually increasing, the difficulty of seismic data processing is becoming more and more difficult, and the demand of seismic data interpretation for data processing accuracy is becoming higher and higher. Post-stack migration and prestack time migration are difficult to meet the needs of high-precision structural imaging and reservoir description. Prestack depth migration has been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the methods and techniques of prestack migration data preparation, velocity modeling and prestack inverse time migration of 3D seismic data are studied. The Kichhoff integration prestack depth migration, which has high computational efficiency and has certain adaptability to steep dip formation, is widely used in industrial production. The reason why it occupies such an important position in production is mainly due to its high computational efficiency and strong adaptability. The corresponding migration velocity analysis method is relatively perfect, but it has some shortcomings, such as easy to produce false frequency, poor fidelity of amplitude, low imaging accuracy and multi-path problem. Compared with Kichhoff prestack depth migration, the wave equation is realized by wave field continuation in the calculation process, without considering the travel time and amplitude, the imaging accuracy is high, the amplitude fidelity is good, and the dynamic characteristics of seismic wave can be well preserved. With the development of GPU technology, the problem of large amount of computation has been solved, and the degree of industrialization is becoming higher and higher. Therefore, the wave equation based prestack depth migration technology has become the development direction of prestack migration technology in the future. Velocity model is the core element of prestack depth migration and migration is the method to test it. The relationship between velocity model and velocity model is inseparable. The prestack depth migration method suitable for the study area is summarized. According to the characteristics of seismic data in this area, this paper applies Omega,Marvel processing system, through multi-attribute consistency processing, relative amplitude preservation and fidelity fine processing, high precision velocity analysis, high resolution, high precision prestack imaging and other processing techniques. The seismic imaging accuracy is improved, the wave group features are clear, the fault homing is accurate, the high resolution is high, and the geological phenomenon is obvious. The formation of Dainan formation has clear overlying and pinning point, and the inside reflection wave group of the third member of Fu is clear. It provides reliable basic data for the study of sedimentary facies zone, lithologic distribution and oil and gas accumulation law, fine structural description, sand body and reservoir prediction, and searching for favorable facies zones and hidden traps in a certain area.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P631.4

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