坚硬顶板深孔预裂爆破技术研究及应用
发布时间：2018-12-12 13:47
【摘要】：综采工作面坚硬顶板突然大面积垮落带来的极大冲击力对支架和人员造成很大危害，严重威胁着煤矿的生产安全依托阳泉煤业有限公司国阳煤矿K8205综放工作面，基于现有的爆炸断裂和损伤理论，重点开展了坚硬顶板深孔预裂爆破成缝机理和坚硬顶板断裂理论研究，探寻在爆炸应力波和爆生气体下作用下裂隙的扩展长度以及坚硬顶板的初次垮落步距和周期垮落步距，并通过数值模拟，比较炸药在V型刻槽爆破断裂模型切缝药包爆破断裂模型和不耦合装药爆破模型爆炸时炮孔壁压力变化，对切缝药包不耦合系数和切缝宽度经行了模拟，验证爆破设计中炮孔间距的准确性最终把现场收集到的监测数据经行分析，说明了爆破方案设计的有效性，本文的主要研究内容及结论如下： （1）明确地阐明了顶板深孔预裂爆破成缝的机理用爆炸应力波和爆生气体共同作用解释了爆破裂隙形成机理，揭露了问题的本质 （2）通过对坚硬顶板的岩板与岩梁力学模型分析,得到了坚硬顶板岩板模型和岩梁模型的初次垮落步距和周期垮落步距的计算公式 （3）根据现场实际情况选取建模参数，分别建立了V型刻槽爆破断裂模型切缝药包爆破断裂模型和不耦合装药爆破模型三种不同模型对比三种不同模型下炮孔壁压力发现，切缝药包定向断裂爆破与V型刻槽爆破相比爆破效果要好；对切缝药包不耦合系数和切缝宽度经行了模拟分析可得，当PVC管的厚度以及其它参数确定时，取径向不耦合系数为2.81，切缝宽度取6mm时，运用切缝药包爆破效果最好 （4）当炮孔直径为75mm不耦合系数为1.25炮孔间距为5.5m时，对双炮孔爆破模型进行模拟分析根据不同时刻的应力云图和各个测点应力随时间的变化曲线可知，在两炮孔中间2.75m处，最大拉应力大于顶板岩石的抗拉强度，这说明两爆破孔间完全沟通,裂隙发育充分，，从而证明了本次爆破设计炮孔间距选取5.5m是合理正确的 （5）结合现场实际情况确定合理的爆破参数以及相关的安全技术措施，同时根据工作面液压支架阻力变化情况分析爆破放顶效果
[Abstract]:The great impact force brought by the sudden collapse of hard roof in fully-mechanized coal mining face causes great harm to the support and personnel, which seriously threatens the production safety of coal mine and relies on the fully mechanized caving face K8205 of Guoyang Coal Mine of Yangquan Coal Industry Co., Ltd. Based on the existing explosion fracture and damage theory, the mechanism of crack formation and the fracture theory of hard roof by pre-splitting blasting with deep hole of hard roof are studied. The length of crack propagation under the action of explosive stress wave and explosion gas, the initial and periodic collapse steps of hard roof are explored, and the numerical simulation is carried out. In this paper, the pressure variation of blasting hole wall in V-shaped notched blasting fracture model and uncoupled charge blasting model is compared, and the uncoupling coefficient and width of cutting seam are simulated. Finally, the accuracy of blasting hole spacing in blasting design is verified by analyzing the monitoring data collected on the spot, which shows the effectiveness of blasting scheme design. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the mechanism of crack formation by pre-splitting blasting with deep roof holes is clarified. The mechanism of fracture formation is explained by the interaction of explosion stress wave and explosive gas. The nature of the problem (2) through the analysis of rock slab and rock beam mechanical model of hard roof, The formulas for calculating the initial and periodic collapse steps of the hard roof slate model and the rock beam model are obtained. (3) the modeling parameters are selected according to the actual situation in the field. In this paper, the fracture model of V-shaped notched blasting is established, and the fracture model of jointed charge package blasting and the model of uncoupled charge blasting are established respectively, and three different models are compared to find the hole wall pressure under three different models. Compared with V-shaped groove blasting, the blasting effect of the directional fracture blasting in the cutting seam charge is better than that in the V-shaped groove blasting. The uncoupling coefficient and width of cutting seam are simulated and analyzed. When the thickness of PVC tube and other parameters are determined, the radial uncoupling coefficient is 2.81, and the width of cut seam is 6mm. When the diameter of the hole is 75mm, the uncoupling coefficient is 1. 25 and the interval between the holes is 5. 5 m. According to the stress cloud diagram at different times and the curve of stress variation with time at each measuring point, the maximum tensile stress is greater than the tensile strength of roof rock at 2.75 m between the two holes. This shows that the two blasting holes are completely communicated and the cracks are well developed. It is proved that it is reasonable and correct to select 5.5 m interval between the blasting holes in the blasting design. (5) the reasonable blasting parameters and the relevant safety measures are determined in combination with the actual situation in the field. At the same time, according to the change of hydraulic support resistance in working face, the effect of blasting caving is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235.4
本文编号：2374684
[Abstract]:The great impact force brought by the sudden collapse of hard roof in fully-mechanized coal mining face causes great harm to the support and personnel, which seriously threatens the production safety of coal mine and relies on the fully mechanized caving face K8205 of Guoyang Coal Mine of Yangquan Coal Industry Co., Ltd. Based on the existing explosion fracture and damage theory, the mechanism of crack formation and the fracture theory of hard roof by pre-splitting blasting with deep hole of hard roof are studied. The length of crack propagation under the action of explosive stress wave and explosion gas, the initial and periodic collapse steps of hard roof are explored, and the numerical simulation is carried out. In this paper, the pressure variation of blasting hole wall in V-shaped notched blasting fracture model and uncoupled charge blasting model is compared, and the uncoupling coefficient and width of cutting seam are simulated. Finally, the accuracy of blasting hole spacing in blasting design is verified by analyzing the monitoring data collected on the spot, which shows the effectiveness of blasting scheme design. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the mechanism of crack formation by pre-splitting blasting with deep roof holes is clarified. The mechanism of fracture formation is explained by the interaction of explosion stress wave and explosive gas. The nature of the problem (2) through the analysis of rock slab and rock beam mechanical model of hard roof, The formulas for calculating the initial and periodic collapse steps of the hard roof slate model and the rock beam model are obtained. (3) the modeling parameters are selected according to the actual situation in the field. In this paper, the fracture model of V-shaped notched blasting is established, and the fracture model of jointed charge package blasting and the model of uncoupled charge blasting are established respectively, and three different models are compared to find the hole wall pressure under three different models. Compared with V-shaped groove blasting, the blasting effect of the directional fracture blasting in the cutting seam charge is better than that in the V-shaped groove blasting. The uncoupling coefficient and width of cutting seam are simulated and analyzed. When the thickness of PVC tube and other parameters are determined, the radial uncoupling coefficient is 2.81, and the width of cut seam is 6mm. When the diameter of the hole is 75mm, the uncoupling coefficient is 1. 25 and the interval between the holes is 5. 5 m. According to the stress cloud diagram at different times and the curve of stress variation with time at each measuring point, the maximum tensile stress is greater than the tensile strength of roof rock at 2.75 m between the two holes. This shows that the two blasting holes are completely communicated and the cracks are well developed. It is proved that it is reasonable and correct to select 5.5 m interval between the blasting holes in the blasting design. (5) the reasonable blasting parameters and the relevant safety measures are determined in combination with the actual situation in the field. At the same time, according to the change of hydraulic support resistance in working face, the effect of blasting caving is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235.4
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