无源型矿用锚杆轴向力监测装置的研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 14:23

【摘要】：本文旨在研究一种低成本、高可靠性、易观测、无需电源、适合大规模安装使用的锚杆轴向力监测装置。由于锚杆对围岩起到组合、加固和联接的作用,因此它能加强围岩的自身强度和自我稳定的能力,节约了支护成本,确保了工程稳定与施工安全,具有显著的社会效益和经济效益。因此，岩土工程锚杆锚固技术被各国大力发展。然而随着时间推移围岩的稳定性受围岩强度的弱化和围岩应力的变化的影响而降低，进而造成岩体对锚杆的作用力增加。如果岩体对锚杆作用力超过锚杆的强度极限，则会造成锚杆锚固失效，进而引起巷道有塌方的危险。为了避免工程事故发生，必须提高锚杆支护的安全性，对锚杆轴向力进行监测。因此，锚杆轴向力监测装置的研究将具有意义深远的科研价值和实用价值。然而传统的监测装置仍存在需要电源、防水、防爆、可靠性不高、不易观测、安全管理复杂、制造成本高等缺点,并且有些设备需要专门人员、只能进行点监测或者小区域的监测而不能很好实现对整个锚固工程进行长期有效的实时监测。因此，急需一种低成本、高可靠性、易观测、无需电源、适合大规模安装使用的锚杆轴向力监测装置。本文根据目前监测装置的不足，提出一种新型的监测装置。首先确定监测方案，确定该监测装置由显示装置与弹性结构组成。通过显示装置将弹性结构受压时产生的毫米级变形量转化为不同的图案，通过观察显示装置的不同图案来判断锚杆的轴向力。然后确定显示装置，考虑到巷道下漆黑的特殊工况，用头灯照射反光条纹图案时就显得格外醒目。因此本文决定采用反光条纹作为显示装置显示的图案，并根据需要监测的锚杆三种轴向力的载荷，阐述显示装置的工作原理。其次确定弹性结构，为满足监测装置的要求，需要一种制造维护成本低、适合大规模安装使用、能承受12~18t的载荷、所占空间体积不大，且不发生塑性变形的弹性结构，经分析该结构主要有碟簧和环形弹簧。本文以碟簧和环形弹簧作为参考弹性结构，用Ansys Workbench对其进行分析、设计与优化，让其空间体积更合理、最大应力更低、轴向变形量更大以达到监测装置的要求。最终得到直径在100mm、高度在80mm内，轴向变形量不小于3.4mm的弹性结构及相应的显示装置参数。将弹性结构与显示装置组装，经测试，该监测装置满足监测需求。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study a low cost, high reliability, easy to observe, no power supply, suitable for large-scale installation of anchor axial force monitoring device. Because the bolt plays the role of combination, reinforcement and connection to the surrounding rock, it can strengthen the strength and the ability of self-stabilization of the surrounding rock, save the support cost, and ensure the engineering stability and construction safety. It has remarkable social and economic benefits. Therefore, the Anchorage technology of geotechnical engineering has been vigorously developed in various countries. However, the stability of the surrounding rock decreases with time due to the weakening of the strength of the surrounding rock and the change of the stress of the surrounding rock, which leads to the increase of the force of the rock mass on the anchor rod. If the rock mass force on the bolt exceeds the strength limit of the bolt, it will result in the failure of the anchor bolt, which will lead to the danger of collapse in the roadway. In order to avoid engineering accidents, the safety of bolt support must be improved and the axial force of bolt must be monitored. Therefore, the research of anchor axial force monitoring device will have profound scientific research value and practical value. However, traditional monitoring devices still need power, waterproof, explosion-proof, low reliability, not easy to observe, complex safety management, high manufacturing costs, and some equipment needs specialized personnel. Only point monitoring or small area monitoring can not achieve a long-term and effective real-time monitoring of the whole anchoring project. Therefore, a low cost, high reliability, easy to observe, no power supply, suitable for large-scale installation of anchor axial force monitoring device is urgently needed. In this paper, a new type of monitoring device is proposed according to the deficiency of current monitoring device. First, the monitoring scheme is determined, and the monitoring device is composed of a display device and an elastic structure. The millimeter deformation produced by elastic structure under compression is transformed into different patterns by the display device, and the axial force of the bolt is judged by observing the different patterns of the display device. Then, the display device is determined, considering the special working condition under the tunnel, the headlight illuminates the reflective stripe pattern. Therefore, this paper decides to use the reflective stripe as the display pattern, and expounds the working principle of the display device according to the load of three kinds of axial forces of the anchor rod which needs to be monitored. Secondly, the elastic structure is determined. In order to meet the requirements of the monitoring device, it is necessary to have an elastic structure with low manufacturing and maintenance cost, suitable for large-scale installation and use, capable of withstanding a load of 12 ~ 18 tons, occupying a small volume of space and without plastic deformation. It is analyzed that there are disc spring and ring spring in this structure. In this paper, the disc spring and annular spring are used as reference elastic structures, which are analyzed, designed and optimized by Ansys Workbench, so that the space volume is more reasonable, the maximum stress is lower, and the axial deformation is larger to meet the requirements of the monitoring device. Finally, the elastic structure with a diameter of 100mm and a height in 80mm with an axial deformation of not less than 3.4mm and the corresponding parameters of the display device are obtained. The elastic structure and display device are assembled and tested, the monitoring device meets the monitoring requirements.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD353.6

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