矿工警觉度对不安全行为的影响研究

发布时间：2018-12-24 14:49

【摘要】：历年来我国煤矿事故频发、死亡人数众多,虽然这几年国家和煤矿企业采取了一系列措施预防和控制事故的发生,但与发达国家相比仍然相差甚远。人是煤矿生产活动中的主体,人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态是煤矿事故发生的主要原因,其中人因占比极高。从人自身因素出发研究其对不安全行为的影响,对于预防和减少煤矿事故具有一定的积极作用。本文采用生理测量的方法研究人在不同警觉度状态下的生理变化,进而评价其安全行为能力。首先,通过对相关文献的阅读整理,选择警觉度作为研究主体,梳理警觉度与行为表现的关系、生理表现与行为的相关性以及不安全行为的影响因素和研究方法;通过对警觉度的影响因素、检测方法、检测指标进行分析,确定本研究采用自主评价与生物反应测试相结合的方法检测警觉度;在实验设计中,利用增加被试脑力负荷的方法诱发警觉度产生变化,测量不同警觉度状态下被试的生理指标。记录并提取心率(HR)、低频与高频比值(LF/HF)指标,利用统计学方法进行差异性分析,进而评估被试的安全行为能力。分析结果表明,在不同警觉度状态下,心率(HR)、低频与高频比值(LF/HF)表现出不同的变化趋势。警觉度提高时,精神集中情绪紧张,交感神经占据优势,心率上升、LF/HF值变小;警觉度降低时,精神放松、脑力疲劳,心率下降、LF/HF值变大。同时不同个体的安全行为能力不同,同一个体在不同的警觉度下的安全行为能力也不同。最后,结合实验分析结果和警觉度的影响因素,从合理安排作息时间与工作任务、安排适合的工作岗位、改善工作环境、提高员工自身素质方面提出了提高警觉度、预防和减少不安全行为的措施。
[Abstract]:Over the years, coal mine accidents in China occur frequently, and the death toll is numerous. Although the state and coal mining enterprises have taken a series of measures to prevent and control accidents in recent years, they are still far from developed countries. Human being is the main body in coal mine production, and the unsafe behavior and unsafe state of things are the main causes of coal mine accidents, in which the proportion of human factors is extremely high. The study on the influence of human factors on unsafe behavior has a positive effect on preventing and reducing coal mine accidents. In this paper, physiological measurements are used to study the physiological changes of human beings under different alertness, and to evaluate their ability to act safely. First of all, through the reading of the relevant literature, choose alertness as the main body of research, combing the relationship between alertness and behavior, the relationship between physiological performance and behavior, as well as the influence factors and research methods of unsafe behavior. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors, detection methods and indicators of alertness, it is determined that the method of combining autonomous evaluation with biological response test is used to detect the alertness. In the experimental design, the method of increasing mental load was used to induce the change of alertness and to measure the physiological indexes of the subjects in different alert states. The ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) of heart rate (HR),) was recorded and extracted, and the difference analysis was carried out by statistical method to evaluate the safety behavior ability of the subjects. The results show that the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) of heart rate (HR),) varies with different alertness. When the alertness was increased, the concentration of emotion was tense, the sympathetic nerve occupied the dominant position, the heart rate increased, the LF/HF value decreased, and when the alertness decreased, the mental relaxation, mental fatigue, heart rate decreased, and LF/HF value increased. At the same time, different individuals have different ability of safety behavior, and the same body has different ability of safety behavior under different alertness. Finally, according to the results of experimental analysis and the influencing factors of alertness, the paper puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the alertness from the aspects of reasonable arrangement of working hours and tasks, suitable jobs, improvement of working environment, and improvement of staff's own quality. Measures to prevent and reduce unsafe behaviour.
【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD791

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