空气间隔爆破技术在昆阳磷矿的应用

发布时间：2019-01-15 23:52

【摘要】：随着岩石爆破技术理论研究的深入,有关气体间隔装药爆破技术进入人们的视线,该技术在国内外采矿业中得到了一定的应用。空气间隔装药爆破技术原理即是在炮孔中置入空气间隔器,改变传统耦合装药结构方式与延长爆破应力波对孔壁岩石的作用时间,在改善爆破综合效果、降低爆破成本等方面具有突出优点。对于露天矿山爆破具有较高的应用技术价值及工程应用前景。昆阳磷矿建矿五十年来,为我国磷复肥、磷化工产业发展和经济建设做出了重要贡献。然而随着矿山生产规模的逐步增大、机械化程度不断提高及南扩工程的不断推进,工作线达十多公里、离生活区和村庄最近不足一公里,对矿山爆破技术提出了更高的要求。一方面,在充分发挥设备效率,增大爆破规模的前提下,保证并改善爆破效果、降低爆破成本至关重要；另一方面,有效控制爆破震动,减少矿山生产对周边生活区及村庄的影响。针对矿山生产现状,引进并开展空气间隔装药爆破技术试验研究及应用,旨在解决矿山爆破作业所面临的突出问题。通过开展试验研究,从理论高度研究空气间隔装药爆破的机理,确定合理的空气层比例,结合试验研究,掌握该技术在粉砂岩中的使用条件,从经济效益及爆破振动分析,最终在矿山围岩剥离松动爆破中推广应用,具有较高的技术价值,对昆阳磷矿的生产建设将产生深远影响,为矿山年度生产剥离任务目标的实现及矿山长远发展提供强有力的技术保障。
[Abstract]:With the development of rock blasting theory, the technology of gas spacer charge blasting has been applied to the mining industry at home and abroad. The principle of air-spacer blasting technology is to put air spacer in the hole, to change the traditional coupling charge structure and to prolong the time of blasting stress wave acting on the hole wall rock, so as to improve the comprehensive effect of blasting. It has outstanding advantages in reducing blasting cost and so on. It has high applied technical value and engineering application prospect for open pit mine blasting. In the past 50 years, Kunyang Phosphate Mine has made important contributions to the development of phosphate compound fertilizer and phosphorus chemical industry and economic construction. However, with the increasing scale of mine production, the increasing degree of mechanization and the continuous promotion of the southward expansion project, the working line is more than ten kilometers, less than one kilometer away from the living area and village, which puts forward higher requirements for mine blasting technology. On the one hand, under the premise of giving full play to the equipment efficiency and increasing the blasting scale, it is very important to ensure and improve the blasting effect and reduce the blasting cost. On the other hand, it can effectively control blasting vibration and reduce the influence of mine production on surrounding living areas and villages. In view of the present situation of mine production, the experimental study and application of air-spaced charge blasting technology are introduced and carried out in order to solve the outstanding problems faced by mine blasting operation. Through the experimental study, the mechanism of air-spaced charge blasting is studied theoretically, the reasonable air layer ratio is determined, and the application condition of the technology in siltstone is grasped, and the economic benefit and blasting vibration are analyzed from the view of economic benefit and blasting vibration. Finally, it has high technical value and will have a profound influence on the production and construction of Kunyang Phosphate Mine. It provides a strong technical guarantee for the realization of the goal of annual production divestiture and the long-term development of mine.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD235

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