武家塔露天煤矿采空区岩石台阶爆破关键技术研究

发布时间：2019-03-13 10:47

【摘要】：采空区岩石台阶爆破为多自由面爆破,岩石台阶炮孔孔底自由面的存在对爆破台阶高度、爆破孔网参数、炸药单耗、起爆方法等关键技术参数提出了特殊的要求。既要保证采空区岩石台阶上作业人员、设备安全,又要保证采空区岩石台阶的爆破效果,使得研究采空区岩石台阶爆破关键技术显得尤为重要。系统分析了武家塔露天煤矿开采境界内小煤窑的采煤方法以及可能形成的采空区特征,利用地质雷达物探探测方法圈定疑似采空区区域,提出了利用爆破钻机钻探确定采空区跨度、采空区高度等空间特性的工程探测法,采用三角孔网,缩小孔网控制范围,提高了对采空区的控制精度；通过分析采空区高度对上覆岩石台阶作业设备、人员的安全的影响程度,提出“采空区临界高度”概念,并确定了武家塔露天煤矿12m剥离台阶时采空区的临界高度；通过对多种采空区上覆岩层安全厚度计算方法进行分析比较,提出了充分考虑了炸药性质、岩层性质、爆破孔网参数等影响上覆岩层安全厚度因素的采空区上覆岩层安全厚度计算方法；首次提出采空区上覆岩层“安全台阶高度”概念,明确了安全台阶内涵,运用所建立的采空区跨度与上覆岩层安全厚度的关系模型,确定武家塔露天煤矿不同跨度采空区上覆岩层安全台阶高度值,在此基础上确定了爆破台阶高度；运用LS-DYNA软件建立武家塔露天煤矿采空区岩石台阶爆破模型,优化了采空区岩石台阶爆破参数；提出采空区相邻台阶提前并段与相邻台阶一致并段的爆破方案,并依据优化后的爆破参数进行多组爆破工业试验,确定了采用相邻台阶提前并段、孔底反充填、中间起爆的采空区岩石台阶爆破技术,在武家塔露天煤矿采空区岩石台阶爆破中得以成功应用。
[Abstract]:The rock bench blasting in goaf is multi-free surface blasting. The existence of free surface at the bottom of rock bench blasting hole puts forward special requirements for the key technical parameters such as blasting step height, blasting hole net parameters, explosive unit consumption, blasting method and other key technical parameters. It is very important to study the key technology of rock bench blasting in goaf, not only to ensure the safety of working personnel and equipment in goaf, but also to ensure the blasting effect of rock step in goaf, which makes it very important to study the key technology of rock bench blasting in goaf. The coal mining methods of small coal kilns in the mining boundary of Wujiata opencast coal mine and the characteristics of possible goaf are analyzed systematically, and the suspected goaf area is delineated by using the Geo-prospecting method of Geo-radar. This paper presents an engineering detection method for determining the span and height of goaf with blasting drilling rig. The control range of hole net is reduced and the control precision of goaf is improved by using triangular hole net. By analyzing the influence degree of goaf height on overlying rock bench working equipment and personnel safety, the concept of "goaf critical height" is put forward, and the critical height of goaf is determined when the 12m peeling step of Wujiata opencast coal mine is determined. Based on the analysis and comparison of the calculation methods for the safety thickness of overlying strata in various goaf areas, it is proposed that the properties of explosives and strata are fully considered. A method for calculating the safety thickness of overlying strata in goaf is presented, which is based on the parameters of blasting hole network and other factors affecting the safety thickness of overlying strata. The concept of "safe step height" of overlying strata in goaf is put forward for the first time, the connotation of safe step is defined, and the relation model between the span of goaf and the safety thickness of overlying strata is established. The safety step height of overlying strata in different span goaf of Wujiata opencast coal mine is determined, and the height of blasting step is determined on this basis. The rock bench blasting model of goaf in Wujiata opencast coal mine was established by using LS-DYNA software, and the parameters of rock bench blasting in goaf were optimized. The blasting scheme of the adjacent steps in goaf is put forward, which is consistent with that of the adjacent steps. According to the optimized blasting parameters, several groups of blasting industrial tests are carried out, and it is determined that the adjacent steps are in advance of parallel section and the hole bottom is backfilled. The rock bench blasting technology of intermediate blasting in goaf has been successfully applied in the rock bench blasting of goaf in Wujiata opencast coal mine.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁工程技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD824.2

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