四川会理难选氧化铅锌矿选矿试验研究

发布时间：2019-04-03 20:31

【摘要】：目前,氧化铅锌矿资源的高效与经济回收是选矿研究的一大难点,其高效与综合回收一直面临着药剂选择差、回收率低、精矿品质差、矿泥干扰严重等技术难题。因此,如何通过选矿工艺流程的改进及药剂制度的优化,提高氧化铅锌矿资源的综合回收效率是业界亟待解决的问题亦是本论文的研究重点。本论文以四川会理高氧化率难选氧化铅锌矿资源为研究对象,矿石平均铅品位为6.74%,铅氧化率为83.24%,锌品位为8.59%,锌氧化率为97.91%,并共伴生丰富的锗等稀贵金属资源,主要脉石矿物为石英、白云石等硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物等,属于高氧化率难选氧化铅锌矿。论文首先通过工艺矿物学研究,查明矿石中主要矿物的共伴生关系及嵌布粒度特征,然后通过多种选矿工艺流程及药剂制度的对比研究,以寻找适合该难选氧化铅锌矿资源高效回收的技术路线。工艺矿物学研究结果表明,该氧化铅锌矿主要矿物组成为白铅矿、方铅矿、铅矾、菱锌矿、石英硅酸盐类和白云石钙镁碳酸盐类等。铅物相分析结果表明,含铅矿物主要为白铅矿、方铅矿、铅矾和铅铁矾,其中方铅矿和白铅矿是铅的主要的载体矿物,分布率分别为16.76%和77.92%。锌物相分析结果表明,矿石中氧化锌矿物的含量为83.78%,硫化锌矿物的含量为2.09%,锌铁尖晶石的含量为13.9%,其中氧化锌矿物主要以菱锌矿的形式存在,为锌回收的主要对象,闪锌矿则由于含量较低,可综合回收。由于矿石中有用矿物之间嵌布粒度细,共生关系复杂,所以铅锌矿物的回收难度较大。浮选试验研究结果表明,方铅矿浮选的最佳工艺条件为:磨矿细度-0.074mm占80%、组合调整剂六偏磷酸钠和硅酸钠用量为300g/t、捕收剂丁基黄药用量为120g/t;氧化铅矿物浮选的最佳工艺条件为:组合调整剂六偏磷酸钠和硅酸钠用量为300g/t、硫化钠用量为1600g/t、戊黄用量为120g/t,在此条件下,可获得品位和回收率分别为59.83%、67.21%的综合铅精矿(硫化铅精矿+氧化铅精矿)。氧化锌矿物浮选的最佳工艺条件为:组合调整剂六偏磷酸钠和硅酸钠用量为150g/t、碳酸钠用量为1000g/t、硫化钠用量为9000g/t、粗选捕收剂醋酸十八胺用量为120g/t,在此条件下,可获品位和回收率分别为49.52%、73.82%的氧化锌精矿。在以上开路条件试验的基础上,进行了闭路流程试验,通过"两粗两精"回收硫化矿物、"两粗一扫一精"回收氧化铅矿物以及"两粗一扫两精"回收氧化锌矿物,最终可获得铅品位为54.26%、回收率为82.57%的综合铅精矿以及锌品位为47.46%、回收率82.45%的氧化锌精矿。本论文采用醋酸十八胺作为氧化锌矿的捕收剂,效果较好,泡沫粘度较低,捕收能力强,药剂作用较稳定,是氧化锌矿物浮选的高效捕收剂。采用的"优先浮选"的工艺流程,工艺简单,操作灵活,对氧化铅锌矿的浮选具有一定的理论指导意义。
[Abstract]:At present, the high efficiency and economic recovery of lead-zinc oxide ore resources is a major difficulty in the research of mineral processing. The high efficiency and comprehensive recovery of lead-zinc ore have been faced with the technical problems such as poor selection of reagents, low recovery rate, poor quality of concentrate, serious interference of ore slime and so on. Therefore, how to improve the comprehensive recovery efficiency of lead-zinc oxide ore resources through the improvement of mineral processing process and the optimization of reagent system is also the focus of this paper. The average lead grade, lead oxidation rate, zinc grade and zinc oxidation rate of the ore are 6.74%, 83.24%, 8.59% and 97.91%, respectively. And associated with rich germanium and other rare metal resources, the main gangue minerals are quartz, dolomite and other silicate and carbonate minerals, belong to high oxidation rate refractory lead-zinc oxide ore. First of all, through the study of process mineralogy, the co-concomitant relationship and the characteristics of embedded particle size of the main minerals in the ore are found out, and then the contrast study of various mineral processing processes and pharmaceutical systems is carried out. In order to find suitable for the refractory lead-zinc oxide ore resources high-efficiency recovery technical route. The results of technological mineralogy show that the main mineral compositions of the lead-zinc oxide ore are white lead ore, galena, lead alum, smithsonite, quartz silicates and dolomite calcium magnesium carbonate and so on. The results of lead phase analysis show that the lead-bearing minerals are mainly bauxite, galena, lead alum and lead-iron alum, in which galena and bauxite are the main carrier minerals of lead, and the distribution rates are 16.76% and 77.92%, respectively. The results of zinc phase analysis show that the content of zinc oxide mineral is 83.78%, the content of zinc sulfide mineral is 2.09%, the content of zinc iron spinel is 13.9%, in which zinc oxide mineral is mainly in the form of smithsonite. Zinc sphalerite is the main object of zinc recovery, because of its low content, zinc sphalerite can be comprehensively recovered. It is difficult to recover Pb-Zn minerals because of the fine grain size and complex symbiotic relationship between the available minerals in the ore. The results of flotation test show that the optimum flotation conditions of galena are as follows: grinding fineness-0.074mm is 80%, the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate is 300g / t, and the dosage of collector butyl xanthate is 120g / t. The optimum flotation conditions of lead oxide minerals are as follows: the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate is 300 g / t, the dosage of sodium sulfide is 1 600 g / t, and the dosage of pentaerin is 120 g / t. The grade and recovery are 59.83% and 67.21% respectively. The optimum flotation conditions of zinc oxide minerals are as follows: the dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium silicate is 150 g / t, the dosage of sodium carbonate is 1000 g / t, the amount of sodium sulfide is 9 000 g / t, and the amount of crude collector octadecylamine acetate is 120 g / t. Under these conditions, the grade and recovery of zinc oxide concentrate are 49.52% and 73.82%, respectively. On the basis of the above-mentioned open-circuit test, the closed-circuit process test was carried out. The sulphide minerals were recovered by "two coarse and two fine", the lead oxide mineral was recovered by "two crude and one sweep", and the zinc oxide mineral was recovered by "two crude and one sweep". A comprehensive lead concentrate with a lead grade of 54.26%, a recovery rate of 82.57% and a zinc grade of 47.46% and a recovery of 82.45% were obtained. In this paper, octadecylamine acetate is used as collector of zinc oxide ore. It has good effect, low foam viscosity, strong collecting ability and stable action. It is an efficient collector for flotation of zinc oxide minerals. The technological process of "preferential flotation" adopted is simple and flexible, which has certain theoretical guiding significance for flotation of lead-zinc oxide ore.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD952

【参考文献】