氯化钠对氯化钾正浮选过程的影响研究
发布时间：2019-04-27 06:08
【摘要】：氯化钾是工农业生产中至关重要的原料,青海柴达木盆地盐湖是我国氯化钾生产的主要来源之一。随着生产规模的不断扩大,造成了高品位钾矿的过度消耗,伴生的杂盐对氯化钾浮选回收率及产品质量影响更加严重,导致实际生产能力下降。许多学者对此做了大量的研究,但对于杂盐氯化钠颗粒如何影响氯化钾的浮选及其浮出原因还存在一定争议。在这种情况下,研究氯化钠颗粒随氯化钾浮出的行为以及如何弱化氯化钠的影响,有助于进一步地明确盐湖钾盐的浮选机理,增加实际钾盐浮选的生产能力。本文考察了Na~+及氯化钠颗粒对氯化钾浮选的影响规律,在机理上从光卤石水解和浮选体系流体状态两个方面探究氯化钠浮出的原因,并从工艺上尝试使用超声波等方法调控光卤石的水解及氯化钠/氯化钾的浮出过程。主要研究结果如下:(1)考察了杂盐离子Na~+及杂盐颗粒氯化钠对氯化钾的浮选回收率的影响。实验表明Na~+对氯化钾的浮选几乎没有影响,而物料中的氯化钠颗粒会使氯化钾的回收率降低。(2)采用扫描电镜和能谱考察了光卤石水解后晶体的生长状态,并将其作为物料进行浮选。结果表明氯化钾和氯化钠晶体在析出时相互粘附,使得十八胺盐酸盐对氯化钾的选择性变差,从而导致氯化钠的浮出和氯化钾回收率的降低。此外,实验发现流体状态对于浮选过程的影响极大,因此文中考察了改变通气量以调控氯化钾和氯化钠浮选回收率的方法及效果,微浮选管的实验表明通气量较小时,两种颗粒的回收率随着通气量的增加而增大;而通气量增加到40ml/min之后,氯化钠的回收率继续增加而氯化钾的回收率基本稳定。因此表明通气量的值选择40ml/min时氯化钠的影响最小。(3)使用超声波方法调控光卤石的水解,证明超声波能够减少氯化钾和氯化钠颗粒的粘附,因此在浮选时减少了氯化钠颗粒的浮出,减弱了氯化钠颗粒对氯化钾浮选的影响。此外,实验表明超声波能够使氯化钾颗粒表面粗糙,增强气泡与颗粒之间的附着力,从而使得氯化钾颗粒的可浮性增强,回收率由7.55%增加为46.66%。超声波也能够促进ODA在氯化钾饱和液中的分散,增强ODA与氯化钾的作用,使得回收率由20.84%增大到94.24%。(4)鉴于流体状态对浮选效果存在很明显的影响,本文尝试从动力学方面对流体状态的影响规律进行探讨。结果表明氯化钾的浮选与二级动力学模型拟合良好,动力学模型公式为ε=t/(1.05t+1.25),而氯化钠的浮选则是与三参数快慢浮两速率常数模型拟合度较好,其动力学模型公式为ε=0.9954e~(-0.00015t)+0.0046e~(-1.4085)。动力学的理论分析表明,减少快浮颗粒的质量分数能够减少氯化钠的浮出,因此实际中应减小通气量来减弱流体的挟裹。本研究能够为实际中减弱杂盐氯化钠对氯化钾浮选的影响提供理论参考。
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important raw material in industrial and agricultural production. The salt lake in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province is one of the main sources of potassium chloride production in China. With the continuous expansion of production scale, the excessive consumption of high-grade potash ore is caused, and the associated mixed salt has more serious influence on the recovery rate and product quality of potassium chloride flotation, which leads to the decrease of actual production capacity. Many scholars have done a lot of research on it, but there is still some controversy about how the mixed salt sodium chloride particles affect the flotation of potassium chloride and the reason of its floatation. In this case, the study of the floating behavior of sodium chloride particles with potassium chloride and how to weaken the effect of sodium chloride are helpful to further clarify the flotation mechanism of potassium salt in salt lakes and increase the practical production capacity of potassium salt flotation. In this paper, the effects of Na~ and sodium chloride particles on flotation of potassium chloride were investigated, and the reasons for the floatation of sodium chloride were discussed from the aspects of carnallite hydrolysis and the fluid state of flotation system. Ultrasonic wave was used to control the hydrolysis of carnallite and the flotation of sodium chloride / potassium chloride. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of mixed salt ion Na~ and mixed salt particle sodium chloride on the flotation recovery of potassium chloride were investigated. The results showed that Na~ had little effect on the flotation of potassium chloride, but the recovery of potassium chloride could be reduced by sodium chloride particles in the material. (2) the growth state of carnallite hydrolyzed crystal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum. And it is used as material for flotation. The results show that potassium chloride and sodium chloride crystals adhere to each other when they precipitate, which makes the selectivity of octadecylamine hydrochloride to potassium chloride become worse, which leads to the floatation of sodium chloride and the decrease of recovery rate of potassium chloride. In addition, it is found that the fluid state has a great influence on the flotation process. Therefore, the method and effect of changing the aeration rate to regulate the flotation recovery rate of potassium chloride and sodium chloride are investigated in this paper. The experiments of the micro-flotation tube show that the aeration rate is relatively small. The recovery of the two kinds of particles increased with the increase of aeration. After the aeration rate increased to 40ml/min, the recovery of sodium chloride continued to increase and the recovery of potassium chloride remained stable. Therefore, when the aeration value is 40ml/min, the effect of sodium chloride is minimal. (3) the hydrolysis of carnallite is regulated by ultrasonic method, which proves that ultrasonic wave can reduce the adhesion of potassium chloride and sodium chloride particles. Therefore, the floatation of sodium chloride particles is reduced in flotation, and the effect of sodium chloride particles on potassium chloride flotation is weakened. In addition, the experiment shows that ultrasonic wave can make the surface of potassium chloride particles rough and enhance the adhesion between bubbles and particles, so that the floatability of potassium chloride particles can be enhanced. The recovery of potassium chloride particles is increased from 7.55% to 46.66%. Ultrasound can also promote the dispersion of ODA in potassium chloride saturated solution, and enhance the interaction between ODA and potassium chloride, so that the recovery rate increases from 20.84% to 94.24%. (4) in view of the obvious influence of fluid state on flotation effect, This paper attempts to discuss the influence of dynamics on fluid state. The results show that the flotation of potassium chloride is well fitted with the second-order kinetic model, the kinetic model formula is 蔚 = t / (1.05t 1.25), and the flotation of sodium chloride is better than the two-rate constant model of three-parameter floatation. The kinetic model formula is 蔚 = 0.9954e~ (- 0.00015t) 0.0046e~ (- 1.4085). The theoretical analysis of kinetics shows that reducing the mass fraction of the fast floating particles can reduce the floatation of sodium chloride, so the aeration should be reduced in practice to reduce the entrapment of the fluid. This study can provide a theoretical reference for weakening the effect of sodium chloride on flotation of potassium chloride in practice.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD923
本文编号：2466749
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important raw material in industrial and agricultural production. The salt lake in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province is one of the main sources of potassium chloride production in China. With the continuous expansion of production scale, the excessive consumption of high-grade potash ore is caused, and the associated mixed salt has more serious influence on the recovery rate and product quality of potassium chloride flotation, which leads to the decrease of actual production capacity. Many scholars have done a lot of research on it, but there is still some controversy about how the mixed salt sodium chloride particles affect the flotation of potassium chloride and the reason of its floatation. In this case, the study of the floating behavior of sodium chloride particles with potassium chloride and how to weaken the effect of sodium chloride are helpful to further clarify the flotation mechanism of potassium salt in salt lakes and increase the practical production capacity of potassium salt flotation. In this paper, the effects of Na~ and sodium chloride particles on flotation of potassium chloride were investigated, and the reasons for the floatation of sodium chloride were discussed from the aspects of carnallite hydrolysis and the fluid state of flotation system. Ultrasonic wave was used to control the hydrolysis of carnallite and the flotation of sodium chloride / potassium chloride. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of mixed salt ion Na~ and mixed salt particle sodium chloride on the flotation recovery of potassium chloride were investigated. The results showed that Na~ had little effect on the flotation of potassium chloride, but the recovery of potassium chloride could be reduced by sodium chloride particles in the material. (2) the growth state of carnallite hydrolyzed crystal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum. And it is used as material for flotation. The results show that potassium chloride and sodium chloride crystals adhere to each other when they precipitate, which makes the selectivity of octadecylamine hydrochloride to potassium chloride become worse, which leads to the floatation of sodium chloride and the decrease of recovery rate of potassium chloride. In addition, it is found that the fluid state has a great influence on the flotation process. Therefore, the method and effect of changing the aeration rate to regulate the flotation recovery rate of potassium chloride and sodium chloride are investigated in this paper. The experiments of the micro-flotation tube show that the aeration rate is relatively small. The recovery of the two kinds of particles increased with the increase of aeration. After the aeration rate increased to 40ml/min, the recovery of sodium chloride continued to increase and the recovery of potassium chloride remained stable. Therefore, when the aeration value is 40ml/min, the effect of sodium chloride is minimal. (3) the hydrolysis of carnallite is regulated by ultrasonic method, which proves that ultrasonic wave can reduce the adhesion of potassium chloride and sodium chloride particles. Therefore, the floatation of sodium chloride particles is reduced in flotation, and the effect of sodium chloride particles on potassium chloride flotation is weakened. In addition, the experiment shows that ultrasonic wave can make the surface of potassium chloride particles rough and enhance the adhesion between bubbles and particles, so that the floatability of potassium chloride particles can be enhanced. The recovery of potassium chloride particles is increased from 7.55% to 46.66%. Ultrasound can also promote the dispersion of ODA in potassium chloride saturated solution, and enhance the interaction between ODA and potassium chloride, so that the recovery rate increases from 20.84% to 94.24%. (4) in view of the obvious influence of fluid state on flotation effect, This paper attempts to discuss the influence of dynamics on fluid state. The results show that the flotation of potassium chloride is well fitted with the second-order kinetic model, the kinetic model formula is 蔚 = t / (1.05t 1.25), and the flotation of sodium chloride is better than the two-rate constant model of three-parameter floatation. The kinetic model formula is 蔚 = 0.9954e~ (- 0.00015t) 0.0046e~ (- 1.4085). The theoretical analysis of kinetics shows that reducing the mass fraction of the fast floating particles can reduce the floatation of sodium chloride, so the aeration should be reduced in practice to reduce the entrapment of the fluid. This study can provide a theoretical reference for weakening the effect of sodium chloride on flotation of potassium chloride in practice.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD923
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 胡济民;垃圾焚烧过程中重金属铅和铜迁移分布特性的研究[D];华东理工大学;2018年
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