浸矿对离子型稀土矿体结构影响的试验研究及其应用

发布时间：2019-05-19 20:49

【摘要】：离子型稀土原地浸矿过程中浸矿液不断注入矿体内,矿物颗粒发生迁移和离子交换,使矿体颗粒级配发生变化,改变矿体结构,导致矿体强度弱化,从而引发矿体滑坡。研究浸矿过程中矿体结构和矿体强度的变化规律,对分析矿体边坡稳定性具有指导意义。本文通过常水头柱浸试验,研究两种不同浸矿方式对矿体颗粒级配和渗透系数的影响,确定对矿体结构影响小的浸矿方式;运用GDS应力路径三轴仪测定3%的硫酸铵溶液浸矿前后矿样的黏聚力,同时采用直剪仪测定浸矿前后矿样的内摩擦角,对比浸矿前矿样与尾矿的黏聚力和内摩擦角,分析浸矿对矿体强度的影响;根据试验矿块的简化边坡模型,运用Geo-studio软件计算简化边坡模型的临界浸润线和边坡安全系数,通过现场监测结果验证了通过临界浸润线监测边坡稳定性的可行性。通过以上工作,得出以下主要结论:(1)通过柱浸试验研究浸矿对矿体渗透系数和颗粒级配的影响,结果表明颗粒迁移对矿体结构的影响大于离子交换的影响;直接用硫酸铵溶液浸矿对矿体结构影响更小。(2)浸矿明显降低矿体强度,浸矿后由渗流入口到渗流出口矿体强度逐渐降低。离子交换反应引起的矿物成分改变和水膜厚度增加是降低矿体黏聚力的主要因素,使黏聚力降低50%以上;颗粒级配变化是影响矿体内摩擦角的主要因素,浸矿使内摩擦角增大约15%。(3)通过数值模拟得出依据临界浸润线监测边坡稳定性的简易方法。即当由临界浸润线计算得出的矿层饱和区域面积与现场监测浸润线计算得出的矿层饱和区域面积相差±10%以内,则认为矿山处于破坏失稳的临界状态,此时应调节注液强度,控制注液,防止发生滑坡,保证采矿安全。
[Abstract]:In the process of ion rare earth in situ leaching, the leaching solution is continuously injected into the orebody, and the mineral particles migrate and ion exchange, which changes the grain gradation of the orebody, changes the structure of the orebody, leads to the weakening of the strength of the orebody, and thus leads to the landslide of the orebody. The study on the variation of orebody structure and orebody strength in the process of ore leaching is of guiding significance for the analysis of orebody slope stability. In this paper, the effects of two different leaching methods on the particle gradation and permeability coefficient of orebodies are studied through the leaching test of normal head column, and the leaching methods with little influence on the structure of orebodies are determined. The cohesion of ore samples before and after leaching with 3% ammonium sulfate solution was measured by GDS stress path triaxial instrument, and the internal friction angle of ore samples before and after leaching was measured by direct shear meter, and the cohesion and internal friction angle between ore samples and tailings before and after leaching were compared. The influence of ore leaching on the strength of orebody is analyzed. According to the simplified slope model of the test block, the critical infiltration line and slope safety factor of the simplified slope model are calculated by Geo-studio software, and the feasibility of monitoring slope stability by critical infiltration line is verified by the field monitoring results. Through the above work, the main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the influence of leaching ore on the permeability coefficient and particle gradation of orebody is studied by column leaching test. The results show that the influence of particle migration on orebody structure is greater than that of ion exchange; Direct leaching with ammonium sulfate solution has less effect on the structure of orebody. (2) leaching obviously reduces the strength of orebody, and after leaching, the strength of orebody decreases gradually from the entrance of seepage to the outlet of seepage. The change of mineral composition and the increase of water film thickness caused by ion exchange reaction are the main factors to reduce the cohesion of orebody and reduce the cohesion by more than 50%. The change of particle size is the main factor affecting the internal friction angle of orebody, and the internal friction angle is increased by about 15% by leaching. (3) A simple method to monitor slope stability according to critical infiltration line is obtained by numerical simulation. That is to say, when the area of saturated area calculated by critical infiltration line is less than 卤10% different from that calculated by field monitoring infiltration line, it is considered that the mine is in the critical state of failure and instability, and the intensity of liquid injection should be adjusted at this time. Control liquid injection, prevent landslide and ensure mining safety.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD955

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