基于经验方法和数值模拟的采场围岩稳定性研究
发布时间：2019-06-25 11:23
【摘要】：采场稳定与否直接影响着生产进度及人员和设备的安全。采场稳定性的研究很大程度上就是对围岩稳定性进行研究。围岩的赋存环境、岩体力学性质和采动影响等因素对围岩的稳定性有着重要的影响,其中软弱结构面的存在及不确定性给采场的稳定性评价带来了很大的难度。传统的经验方法难以全面把握围岩赋存环境及采动条件等影响,在复杂条件下经验方法的计算结果可能存在较大误差。数值模拟方法虽然能够考虑更多的工程地质条件和开采因素的影响,但地应力和岩体参数的取值是影响数值模拟结果准确性的瓶颈问题。把经验分析方法和数值模拟相结合,以现场监测数据为基础,考虑岩体的复杂结构和开采扰动因素,将对采场围岩的稳定性作出更科学的评价。本文采用稳定性图表法和岩石破裂过程分析软件RFPA,对采场围岩质量及稳定性进行科学的分析与评价；并利用Barton工程跨度经验计算公式、Pakalnis I临界跨度图方法及K.B.鲁别涅依特公式从采场临界跨度值的角度对采场围岩的稳定性情况进行分析评价。本文开展了以下方面的研究工作：1.为了确定顶板厚度和临界跨度之间的关系,以某浅埋采空区为例,采用不同经验公式进行计算。同时,利用RFPA数值模拟方法分析顶板发生初始损伤和失稳垮塌时顶板安全厚度与临界跨度之间的关系。通过不同经验公式与数值模拟计算结果的对比,探讨经验公式在不同岩性条件下应用的局限性和适用条件。2.利用RFPA数值模拟方法对稳定性图表法在不同地应力和采场条件下的适用性进行评价。针对不同侧压力系数、不同埋深以及不同开挖方向下采场的稳定性问题,利用稳定性图表法和数值模拟方法对采场的稳定性进行评价,分析稳定性图表法的适用性,并给出不同工况条件下采场稳定的最大开挖尺寸。3.针对近水平矿体回采过程,考虑岩体的碎胀效应以及围岩的不同本构关系,借助于RFPA数值模拟方法模拟顶板覆岩冒落过程,得到不同计算方案的极限跨距和冒落高度值。结合经验方法对采场的稳定性进行评价并求得采场的容许跨度值,为优化采场结构参数和指导采场地压控制提供理论依据。4.根据红岭铅锌矿空区围岩条件,基于蒙特卡洛法模拟节理网络技术,实现节理裂隙的表征,将其导入RFPA岩石破裂过程分析软件中,分析节理岩体力学参数的尺寸效应、各向异性以及表征单元体参数和尺寸。另外,运用BQ分级标准对围岩的稳定性进行分级,为后续空区稳定性的岩石力学研究奠定基础。5.针对红岭铅锌矿空区处理及矿柱回收的工程问题,在岩体质量分级的基础上,分别利用数值模拟方法及经验分析方法对采场围岩的稳定性进行综合评判,并与现场实际情况做对比分析,为下一步矿柱回采设计及采场安全生产提供技术支持。
[Abstract]:Whether the stope is stable or not directly affects the production progress and the safety of personnel and equipment. To a large extent, the study of stope stability is to study the stability of surrounding rock. The occurrence environment of surrounding rock, the mechanical properties of rock mass and the influence of mining have important influence on the stability of surrounding rock, in which the existence and uncertainty of weak structural plane bring great difficulty to the stability evaluation of stope. The traditional empirical method is difficult to grasp the influence of surrounding rock occurrence environment and mining conditions in an all-round way, and there may be large errors in the calculation results of the empirical method under complex conditions. Although the numerical simulation method can consider more engineering geological conditions and mining factors, the value of ground stress and rock mass parameters is the bottleneck problem that affects the accuracy of numerical simulation results. Combining the empirical analysis method with numerical simulation, based on the field monitoring data, considering the complex structure of rock mass and mining disturbance factors, the stability of surrounding rock in stope will be evaluated more scientifically. In this paper, the stability chart method and rock fracture process analysis software RFPA, are used to analyze and evaluate the quality and stability of stope surrounding rock scientifically, and the Barton engineering span empirical formula, Pakalnis I critical span diagram method and K.B. Rubenet formula analyzes and evaluates the stability of stope surrounding rock from the point of view of critical span of stope. In this paper, the following research work has been carried out: 1. In order to determine the relationship between roof thickness and critical span, taking a shallow buried goaf as an example, different empirical formulas are used to calculate the relationship between roof thickness and critical span. At the same time, RFPA numerical simulation method is used to analyze the relationship between roof safety thickness and critical span when initial damage and instability collapse occur. By comparing the results of different empirical formulas with those of numerical simulation, the limitations and applicable conditions of the application of empirical formulas under different lithologic conditions are discussed. The applicability of the stability chart method under different ground stresses and stope conditions is evaluated by RFPA numerical simulation method. In view of the stability of stope under different lateral pressure coefficients, different buried depths and different excavation directions, the stability of stope is evaluated by using stability chart method and numerical simulation method, the applicability of stability chart method is analyzed, and the maximum excavation size of stope stability under different working conditions is given. According to the mining process of near horizontal orebody, considering the swelling effect of rock mass and the different constitutive relations of surrounding rock, the caving process of roof overlying rock is simulated by means of RFPA numerical simulation method, and the limit span and caving height of different calculation schemes are obtained. Combined with empirical method, the stability of stope is evaluated and the allowable span of stope is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing stope structure parameters and guiding stope pressure control. 4. According to the surrounding rock condition of Hongling lead-zinc mine goaf, the joint fracture characterization is realized based on Monte Carlo simulation joint network technology, and it is introduced into RFPA rock fracture process analysis software to analyze the size effect, anisotropy and characterization unit parameters and dimensions of mechanical parameters of joint rock mass. In addition, the BQ classification standard is used to classify the stability of surrounding rock, which lays the foundation for the subsequent study of rock mechanics of empty area stability. 5. Aiming at the engineering problems of goaf treatment and pillar recovery in Hongling lead-zinc mine, on the basis of rock mass quality classification, the stability of surrounding rock of stope is comprehensively evaluated by numerical simulation method and empirical analysis method, and compared with the actual situation in the field, which provides technical support for the next step of pillar mining design and stope safety production.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD32
本文编号：2505644
[Abstract]:Whether the stope is stable or not directly affects the production progress and the safety of personnel and equipment. To a large extent, the study of stope stability is to study the stability of surrounding rock. The occurrence environment of surrounding rock, the mechanical properties of rock mass and the influence of mining have important influence on the stability of surrounding rock, in which the existence and uncertainty of weak structural plane bring great difficulty to the stability evaluation of stope. The traditional empirical method is difficult to grasp the influence of surrounding rock occurrence environment and mining conditions in an all-round way, and there may be large errors in the calculation results of the empirical method under complex conditions. Although the numerical simulation method can consider more engineering geological conditions and mining factors, the value of ground stress and rock mass parameters is the bottleneck problem that affects the accuracy of numerical simulation results. Combining the empirical analysis method with numerical simulation, based on the field monitoring data, considering the complex structure of rock mass and mining disturbance factors, the stability of surrounding rock in stope will be evaluated more scientifically. In this paper, the stability chart method and rock fracture process analysis software RFPA, are used to analyze and evaluate the quality and stability of stope surrounding rock scientifically, and the Barton engineering span empirical formula, Pakalnis I critical span diagram method and K.B. Rubenet formula analyzes and evaluates the stability of stope surrounding rock from the point of view of critical span of stope. In this paper, the following research work has been carried out: 1. In order to determine the relationship between roof thickness and critical span, taking a shallow buried goaf as an example, different empirical formulas are used to calculate the relationship between roof thickness and critical span. At the same time, RFPA numerical simulation method is used to analyze the relationship between roof safety thickness and critical span when initial damage and instability collapse occur. By comparing the results of different empirical formulas with those of numerical simulation, the limitations and applicable conditions of the application of empirical formulas under different lithologic conditions are discussed. The applicability of the stability chart method under different ground stresses and stope conditions is evaluated by RFPA numerical simulation method. In view of the stability of stope under different lateral pressure coefficients, different buried depths and different excavation directions, the stability of stope is evaluated by using stability chart method and numerical simulation method, the applicability of stability chart method is analyzed, and the maximum excavation size of stope stability under different working conditions is given. According to the mining process of near horizontal orebody, considering the swelling effect of rock mass and the different constitutive relations of surrounding rock, the caving process of roof overlying rock is simulated by means of RFPA numerical simulation method, and the limit span and caving height of different calculation schemes are obtained. Combined with empirical method, the stability of stope is evaluated and the allowable span of stope is obtained, which provides a theoretical basis for optimizing stope structure parameters and guiding stope pressure control. 4. According to the surrounding rock condition of Hongling lead-zinc mine goaf, the joint fracture characterization is realized based on Monte Carlo simulation joint network technology, and it is introduced into RFPA rock fracture process analysis software to analyze the size effect, anisotropy and characterization unit parameters and dimensions of mechanical parameters of joint rock mass. In addition, the BQ classification standard is used to classify the stability of surrounding rock, which lays the foundation for the subsequent study of rock mechanics of empty area stability. 5. Aiming at the engineering problems of goaf treatment and pillar recovery in Hongling lead-zinc mine, on the basis of rock mass quality classification, the stability of surrounding rock of stope is comprehensively evaluated by numerical simulation method and empirical analysis method, and compared with the actual situation in the field, which provides technical support for the next step of pillar mining design and stope safety production.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TD32
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