选铜废水循环利用对选铜指标的影响研究

发布时间：2019-06-28 09:06

【摘要】：硫化铜矿是我国铜金属的主要来源,目前主要采用浮选方法回收。但在其浮选过程中将外排大量尾矿水,且水中重金属离子浓度、固体悬浮物含量和化学需氧量等各项指标均远远高于国内外排限定,对选矿厂周围环境造成严重污染。为了解决尾矿水排放引发的水资源浪费及环境污染问题,进行选矿废水循环利用研究具有重要的意义。本文以硫化铜矿选矿尾矿水为研究对象,研究尾矿水组分与性质,以及回用时对黄铜矿浮选行为的影响,研究尾矿水的治理,回水循环利用的流程工艺等,最终实现选矿废水再利用。通过沉降试验降低废水中的悬浮固体颗粒含量,结果表明,废水沉降时间随质量浓度增大而增大,稀释废水可以减少沉降时间,添加絮凝剂同样可以减少沉降时间,但浓度需控制在5g/t以内。在单矿物浮选试验中,通过模拟不同环境因素进行试验,包括硬度,离子强度,各离子浓度,残余药剂浓度等,试验结果表明这些因素均会对黄铜矿的可浮性产生影响,其中Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)的抑制作用最为显著,残余药剂则对黄铜矿浮选有促进作用。通过模拟回水实际矿石浮选试验,研究了Al~(3+)和Fe~(3+)对实际矿石浮选的影响,研究结果表明,回水中无机离子对硫化铜矿浮选的抑制作用并不明显。通过红外光谱检测、紫外分光光度计测试以及人工混合矿试验,探索了有机捕收剂与黄铜矿的作用机理,试验结果表明,残余的捕收剂会加剧矿物间的絮凝,使脉石机械夹杂的概率增大,从而恶化硫化铜矿浮选。通过氧化时间试验、pH条件试验以及实际矿石浮选试验,考察了臭氧氧化法对废水处理和回用的可行性,研究结果显示,臭氧氧化法能够有效的分解尾矿水中的有机捕收剂,经氧化处理的尾矿水返回流程使用可明显改善浮选指标,且氧化作用时间越长,优化效果越明显。最终通过絮凝沉淀-臭氧氧化联合工艺流程进行闭路试验,得到精矿含铜17.41%,回收率85.65%,相比于清水试验得到铜精矿品位17.59%,回收率85.83%,此工艺处理硫化铜矿尾矿水,可有效降低水中不利组分的含量,回用后可基本达到清水试验指标,因此经处理的尾矿水返回利用的思路切实可行。
[Abstract]:The copper sulfide ore is the main source of the copper metal in China, and is mainly recovered by the flotation method. But the heavy metal ion concentration, the solid suspended matter content and the chemical oxygen demand in the water are far higher than that of the domestic and foreign banks during the flotation process, and serious pollution to the environment of the concentrator is caused. In order to solve the problem of water resource waste and environmental pollution caused by the water discharge of the tailings, it is of great significance to study the recycling of the ore dressing wastewater. In this paper, the tailing water is used as the research object to study the water components and properties of the tailings, and the effect on the flotation behavior of the chalcopyrite at the time of recycling, the treatment of the tailings water, the process of recycling the water and the like, and finally the reuse of the ore dressing waste water is realized. The results show that the settling time of the wastewater increases with the increase of the mass concentration, and the dilution wastewater can reduce the settling time, and the addition of the flocculant can reduce the settling time, but the concentration needs to be controlled within 5 g/ t. In the single-mineral flotation test, different environmental factors are simulated, including the hardness, the ionic strength, the concentration of each ion, the concentration of the residual agent, etc. The test results show that these factors will have an effect on the floatability of the chalcopyrite. The inhibition of Al ~ (3 +) and Fe ~ (3 +) is the most significant, and the residual medicine can promote the flotation of chalcopyrite. The effect of Al ~ (3 +) and Fe ~ (3 +) on the actual ore flotation is studied by simulating the actual ore flotation test of the return water. The results show that the effect of the inorganic ions in the water return on the flotation of the copper sulfide ore is not obvious. The mechanism of the action of the organic collector and the chalcopyrite is explored by means of the infrared spectrum detection, the ultraviolet spectrophotometer test and the artificial mixed ore test. The experimental results show that the residual trap can increase the flocculation of the minerals, and the probability of the mechanical inclusion of the gangue is increased. Thereby deteriorating the flotation of the sulphide ore. The feasibility of the ozone oxidation method for wastewater treatment and recycling is studied by the oxidation time test, the pH condition test and the actual ore flotation test. The results show that the ozone oxidation method can effectively decompose the organic collector in the tailings water. The use of the oxidation-treated tailing water return process can obviously improve the flotation index, and the longer the oxidation time, the more obvious the optimization effect. finally, the closed-circuit test is carried out through a flocculation precipitation-ozone oxidation combined process flow to obtain the copper-containing 17.41 percent of the concentrate, the recovery rate is 85.65 percent, the grade of the copper concentrate is 17.59 percent compared with the clean water test, the recovery rate is 85.83 percent, The content of the unfavorable component in the water can be effectively reduced, and the water test index can be basically achieved after the recycling, so that the method for returning the treated tailing water is feasible.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD952

【相似文献】