密集颗粒物质的介观结构

发布时间：2018-08-05 14:34

【摘要】：密集颗粒物质由大量颗粒组成的多体相互作用体系,在一定条件下,颗粒互相连接,形成相对稳定的介观尺度结构,其几何和动力学性质较大程度上决定了颗粒体系的宏观物理和力学性质,因此开展颗粒的介观结构研究具有重要的理论价值,是科学的前沿之一.自然界的堆石坝、堰塞体和碎屑流,以及工程中的高温气冷堆堆芯颗粒流和先进核裂变能系统(ADS嬗变)的颗粒散裂靶等都是典型的颗粒体系,研究颗粒体系宏观力学性质是灾害预测和调控技术的关键.本文首先介绍颗粒接触力理论和简化模型的研究进展,接着介绍介观尺度结构分析方法与测量技术,颗粒体系Jamming转变、软点和颗粒微位移测量技术等,最后列举了几个关键的科学问题.颗粒介质中很多基本力学问题的解决需要借鉴物理和数学等学科的最新成果,建立新的概念和范式,从新的角度、思路、理念去认识颗粒介质的基本问题.同时,颗粒介质的基础研究还要紧密结合工程应用领域的大量相关的核心技术,与工程领域专家共同合作,使得颗粒介质的研究有的放矢,更具生命力.
[Abstract]:A multibody interaction system consisting of a large number of particles. Under certain conditions, particles are connected to each other to form a relatively stable mesoscopic scale structure. Its geometric and dynamic properties determine the macroscopic physical and mechanical properties of the particle system to a large extent. Therefore, it is of great theoretical value to study the mesoscopic structure of particles and is one of the frontiers of science. Natural rockfill dams, dammed bodies and debris flows, as well as the core particle flow in the high temperature gas cooled reactor and the particle spallation targets of the advanced nuclear fission energy system (ADS) are typical particle systems. The study of macroscopic mechanical properties of particle system is the key of disaster prediction and control technology. This paper first introduces the research progress of particle contact force theory and simplified model, then introduces mesoscopic scale structure analysis and measurement techniques, particle system Jamming transition, soft point and particle micro-displacement measurement technology, etc. Finally, several key scientific problems are listed. To solve many basic mechanical problems in granular media, we need to learn from the latest achievements of physics and mathematics, establish new concepts and paradigms, and understand the basic problems of granular media from new angles, ideas and concepts. At the same time, the basic research of granular media should be closely combined with a large number of related core technologies in the field of engineering application, and cooperate with the experts in engineering field, so that the research of granular media is targeted and has more vitality.
【作者单位】：清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室;中国科学院过程工程研究所多相复杂系统国家重点实验室;北京科技大学物理系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(11272048,11572201,11572178,21576265,91634202) 清华大学自主科研计划资助
【分类号】：O347.7

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