土层置换对草甸土理化性状及作物产量的影响

发布时间：2017-12-27 20:18

本文关键词：土层置换对草甸土理化性状及作物产量的影响　出处：《土壤通报》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：研究旨在探讨土层置换对土壤物理性质和化学性质的变化及对作物产量的影响,这对作物高产具有重要意义。试验地点选在黑龙江省宝清县草甸土上,以玉米绥玉7、马铃薯克新13和甜菜德国KWS3418为材料,设置土层置换和浅翻深松2个处理,分析不同处理对土壤含水率、硬度、土壤三相、速效养分及产量的影响。结果表明:与浅翻深松处理相比,土层置换处理后2年内,明显改善土壤物理性质,0~40 cm土层土壤含水率分别提高3.7%和3.0%;土壤硬度分别下降17.6%和21.6%。20~40 cm土壤固相分别降低0.3%和0.7%;液相分别提高3.7%和1.1%;气相分别提高2.0%和4.2%。进而容重降低,提高土壤通透性。土层置换处理改善20~40 cm土层土壤化学性质,提高土壤速效养分。20~40 cm土层平均养分变化为:碱解氮分别提高48.4%和46.0%;速效钾分别提高12.9%和38.9%;速效磷分别提高11.9%和15.6%。土壤不同层次物理和化学性质的改变能够提高作物产量,与浅翻深松处理相比,2011年、2012年玉米分别增产31.6%、17.9%,马铃薯分别增产70.5%、25.0%,甜菜分别增产12.4%和38.9%,差异达到显著水平。综合以上分析表明,土层置换处理后土壤2个作物生育期内能够改善心土层土壤物理性状、化学性状,从而提高作物产量。因此土层置换技术可为低产土壤改良及作物高产提供理论依据和技术支持。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to explore the changes in soil physical and chemical properties of soil replacement and the effect on crop yield, which is of great significance to the high yield of crops. The test sites selected in Baoqing County of Heilongjiang Province, meadow soil, maize Suiyu 7, Kexin 13 and German KWS3418 beet as the material, set up soil replacement and shallow ploughing and deep digging 2 processing, analysis of effects of different treatments on soil moisture content, hardness, soil nutrient and yield of the three phase, available. The results showed that soil physical properties were significantly improved in the 2 years after soil replacement, and soil moisture content in 0~40 cm soil layer increased by 3.7% and 3% respectively, and soil hardness decreased by 17.6% and 21.6%, respectively. The soil solid phase of 20~40 cm decreased by 0.3% and 0.7%, the liquid phase increased by 3.7% and 1.1%, and the gas phase increased by 2% and 4.2%, respectively. Then the bulk density was reduced and the permeability of soil was improved. Soil replacement treatment improved soil chemical properties of 20~40 cm soil layer and improved soil available nutrients. The average nutrient changes in the 20~40 cm soil layer were as follows: the alkali hydrolysable nitrogen increased by 48.4% and 46%, the available potassium increased by 12.9% and 38.9%, respectively, and the available phosphorus increased by 11.9% and 15.6%, respectively. The change of physical and chemical properties of different levels of soil can increase crop yield. Compared with shallow deep loosening, the yield of maize increased by 31.6% and 17.9% respectively in 2011 and 2012. The yield of potato increased by 70.5% and 25%, respectively, and the yield of Sugarbeet increased by 12.4% and 38.9%, respectively. The above analysis shows that soil replacement treatment after 2 in the period of crop growth can improve the subsoil soil physical properties, chemical properties, so as to improve crop yield. Therefore, soil replacement technology can provide theoretical basis and technical support for low yield soil improvement and high yield of crops.
【作者单位】：黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院;黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所;
【基金】：黑龙江省农业科技创新工程重点项目(ZD010)资助
【分类号】：S154.4
【正文快照】： 朱宝国,赵文军,张春峰,贾会彬,孟庆英,王囡囡,匡恩俊.土层置换对草甸土理化性状及作物产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):143-149ZHU Bao-guo,ZHAO Wen-jun,ZHANG Chun-feng,JIA Hui-bin,MENG Qing-ying,WANG Nan-nan,KUANG En-jun.TheImpact of Soil Replacement on Soil Ph

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