我国农业用水安全的分区及发展对策

发布时间：2018-01-01 05:12

本文关键词：我国农业用水安全的分区及发展对策　出处：《中国生态农业学报》2016年10期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：针对我国农业用水区域差异特点,选择水资源状况、农业用水特征、经济发展水平、农业生产条件等4个方面的10个指标,采用聚类分析方法,以2013年为基准年对我国农业用水进行分区,为我国农业用水安全提供依据。结果表明,按照省级行政单元农业用水可划分为8类地区,第1类地区包括江西、湖南、湖北等3省,农业用水量和粮食产量分别占全国农业用水量和粮食产量的13.3%和12.5%;第2类地区包括贵州、云南、安徽、四川、重庆、广西等6个省(直辖市、自治区),上述2个指标分别为23.6%和20.3%;第3类地区是海南省,上述2个指标分别为0.9%和0.3%;第4类地区包括山东、河南、河北、辽宁、山西、陕西、甘肃等7省,以占6.8%的水资源量、19.2%的农业用水量,生产了33.7%的农业产值和32.4%的粮食;第5类地区包括吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古等3省(自治区),以占6.9%的水资源量、12.0%的农业用水量,生产了20.5%的粮食;第6类地区包括宁夏、新疆、西藏、青海等4个省(自治区),农业用水量、粮食产量分别占16.2%和3.2%;第7类地区包括福建、广东、江苏、浙江等4省,农业用水量和粮食产量占全国比例分别为19.5%和10.2%;第8类地区包括天津、上海、北京等3个直辖市,农业用水量与粮食产量最低,分别占全国比例为1.1%和0.6%。第4类和第5类地区合计农业用水量和粮食产量占全国比例分别为31.2%和52.9%,是我国农业水资源管理特别关注的地区。在此基础上,提出了我国农业用水分区对策,第1类地区以节水为主;第2类地区以提高灌溉水利用系数为主;第3类地区增加有效灌溉面积;第4类地区在挖掘本地区节水潜力的前提下,通过外流域调水或水权交易增加水资源总量;第5类地区以提高农业用水保障程度为主;第6类地区以保护水资源和水源涵养为主;第7类、第8类地区以提高农业用水效益为主。本文研究结果可为我国农业用水安全提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:In view of the regional differences of agricultural water use in China, 10 indexes were selected, including water resources status, agricultural water use characteristics, economic development level and agricultural production conditions, and the cluster analysis method was adopted. Taking 2013 as the base year, the agricultural water use in our country is divided into 8 types, which provides the basis for the agricultural water security in China. The results show that according to the provincial administrative unit, agricultural water use can be divided into 8 kinds of areas. The first category includes Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. The agricultural water consumption and grain yield account for 13.3% and 12.5 percent of the national agricultural water consumption and grain yield respectively. The second category includes Guizhou, Yunnan, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guangxi and other 6 provinces (municipality, autonomous region), the above two indexes are 23.6% and 20.3 respectively; The third type area is Hainan Province, the two indexes mentioned above are 0.9% and 0.3 respectively. The fourth category includes Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other seven provinces, accounting for 6.8% of the amount of water resources or 19.2% of agricultural water consumption. 33.7% of the agricultural output value and 32.4% of the grain production; The fifth category includes Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and other three provinces (autonomous region), which produce 20.5% grain with the amount of water resources accounting for 6.9% and 12.0% of agricultural water consumption. The sixth category includes Ningxia, Xinjiang, Tibet and Qinghai. The agricultural water consumption and grain yield account for 16.2% and 3.2 respectively. The seventh category includes Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. The proportion of agricultural water consumption and grain production in China is 19.5% and 10.2 respectively. The eighth category includes Tianjin, Shanghai, Beijing and other municipalities directly under the Central Government, with the lowest agricultural water consumption and grain yield. The proportion of agricultural water consumption and grain production in the fourth and fifth categories were 31.2% and 52.9% respectively. On the basis of this, the zoning countermeasures of agricultural water use in our country are put forward, the first type is mainly water-saving. In the second category, increasing the utilization coefficient of irrigation water is the main factor. (3) increase the effective irrigation area in the area of category 3; On the premise of excavating the potential of water saving in this area, the fourth kind of area increases the total amount of water resources through the transfer of water or the trade of water rights in the outer watersheds; The fifth type is mainly to improve the degree of agricultural water security; Protection of water resources and conservation of water resources are the main areas of category 6; The research results of this paper can provide scientific basis for agricultural water security in China.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院;云南省大理州农业局;中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心;
【基金】：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-001) 中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室开放基金项目(KF311201303081)资助~~
【分类号】：F323.213
【正文快照】： *This work was supported by the National Science Major Project of Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2012ZX07501-001)and the OpenFund of the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KF311201303081).Corresponding autho

【相似文献】