从土壤水动力学到生态水文学的发展与展望

发布时间：2018-01-02 17:13

本文关键词：从土壤水动力学到生态水文学的发展与展望　出处：《水利学报》2016年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在20世纪80年代,土壤水动力学成为我国水文水资源领域的一个新兴研究方向。在此后的30多年中,土壤水动力学得到了巨大发展,并对我国农田水利、水文水资源等领域的科学与技术起到了巨大的推动作用。以土壤水动力学为基础,逐步认识了非饱和土壤中水分与热量、溶质等耦合运移机理与规律,在20世纪90年代发展了土壤-作物-大气之间的水热交换和传输理论(即土壤-植物-大气连续体理论,简称SPAC理论)。以SPAC理论为基础,农田作物模型得到了快速发展,成为本世纪研究气候变化对农业水资源和粮食生产影响的主要工具。与此同时,从农田到区域的水转化机理与规律、不同尺度的农业用水效率、以及水资源开发利用的生态和环境影响等基础科学问题和生产实践问题逐渐被重视,从而形成了新的交叉学科——生态水文学。生态水文学以水分-能量-物质耦合循环的动力学过程为基础,注重区域气候-植被/作物-水文相互作用的基础科学问题,旨在为区域水资源、生态和环境评价与管理提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:In 1980s, the soil water dynamics has become a new research direction in the field of hydrology and water resources in China. In the next 30 years, soil water dynamics has a great development, and China's water conservancy, science and technology in the field of hydrology and water resources plays a great role on soil water dynamics. The foundation, gradually understand the unsaturated soil moisture and heat coupling mechanism, solute transport and law, the development of water heat exchange and transmission between the theory of soil plant atmosphere in 1990s (i.e. soil plant atmosphere continuum theory, SPAC theory). Based on the SPAC theory, crop model the rapid development and become the main tool of this century influence of climate change on agricultural water resources and food production. At the same time, from the field to the regional water conversion mechanism and the rules, not the same scale of agricultural Industry water use efficiency, and the development and utilization of water resources and ecological environmental impact and other basic science problems and production practice is gradually, thus forming a new cross disciplinary ecological hydrology. The eco hydrology is based on the dynamic process of water - energy cycle of matter coupled, focusing on basic scientific problems of regional climate vegetation / crop hydrological interaction, so as to provide a scientific basis for regional water resources, evaluation and management of ecological and environment.

【作者单位】：清华大学水利水电工程系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(91225302)
【分类号】：S152.7
【正文快照】： 土壤是地球表层系统的重要组成部分,是陆地植被生长的重要环境,也是陆地水文循环的重要通道和水分储存的主要场所。对陆地水文循环而言,土壤对降雨下渗、陆地蒸散发、径流等过程起着重要的调节作用。对陆地生态(包括农作物和自然植被)过程而言,土壤水分是植被耗水的主要来源,

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