不同有机肥中Cu、Zn在农田土壤中的有效性与形态归趋

发布时间：2018-01-03 14:25

本文关键词：不同有机肥中Cu、Zn在农田土壤中的有效性与形态归趋　出处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】畜禽粪便有机肥的施用是造成我国农田土壤重金属污染的重要原因之一。本文选用两种典型规模化养殖场畜禽粪便有机肥,研究其在石灰性土壤和酸性土壤上施用1年后Cu、Zn的有效性和形态归趋,为客观评价畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属进入土壤后的环境行为和生态风险提供理论依据。【方法】采用温室土壤培养试验,在石灰性土壤和酸性土壤上分别设对照(CK)、施2%鸡粪(CM2%)、施5%鸡粪(CM5%)、施与CM2%、CM5%含等量Cu、Zn的重金属无机盐溶液(CS2%、CS5%)、施2%猪粪(PM2%)、施5%猪粪(PM5%)、施与PM2%、PM5%含等量Cu、Zn的重金属无机盐溶液(PS2%、PS5%)9个处理,每个处理设3次重复,在温室条件下培养1年。测定土壤p H值,EDTA提取有效态Cu、Zn以及采用改进Tessier连续提取法提取的各形态Cu、Zn的含量,分析鸡粪、猪粪及等量无机盐溶液中Cu、Zn进入土壤后的有效性和形态归趋。【结果】施用鸡粪和猪粪1年后,石灰性土壤的p H值降低,酸性土壤的p H值升高,施用5%猪粪时石灰性土壤p H值降低了0.23个单位,酸性土壤p H值升高了0.87个单位。施入鸡粪、猪粪1年后,石灰性土壤中有效态Zn和酸性土壤中有效态Cu、Zn含量显著增加,施用5%猪粪时酸性土壤中有效态Cu含量增加了1.95倍,施用5%鸡粪时2种土壤中有效态Cu的含量均显著低于等量无机盐。施用鸡粪和等量无机盐后,2种土壤中交换态和有机结合态Cu的含量显著增加,交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Zn的含量显著增加;施用猪粪和等量无机盐后,2种土壤中交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态Cu的含量显著增加,碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态Zn的含量显著增加。【结论】施用鸡粪、猪粪提高了石灰性土壤中Zn和酸性土壤中Cu、Zn的有效性,高用量条件下鸡粪中Cu的有效性低于等量无机盐。1年后,通过畜禽粪便有机肥带入2种土壤中的Cu主要以交换态和有机结合态的形式存在,Zn则主要以碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和有机结合态的形式存在。2种土壤上有机肥带入的Cu、Zn转化为铁锰氧化物结合态的比例低于等量无机盐,2种有机肥带入2种土壤中的Cu转化为交换态和有机结合态的比例高于等量无机盐。鸡粪带入的Zn转化为交换态的比例在酸性土壤中低于等量无机盐,但在石灰性土壤中则高于等量无机盐。
[Abstract]:[Objective] poultry manure application organic fertilizer is one of the important causes of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in our country. This paper selects two typical large-scale farms of livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, study the 1 years after the application of Cu in calcareous soil and acid soil, and effective form of Zn fate, theory according to the environmental behavior and ecological risk assessment of livestock manure organic fertilizer in heavy metalnot. [method] the greenhouse soil culture experiment in calcareous soil and acid soil were divided into control (CK), 2% (CM2%), 5% chicken manure (CM5%), and CM2%, CM5% the same amount of Cu, heavy metal inorganic salt solution Zn (CS2%, CS5%), 2% (PM2%), 5% pig manure (PM5%), and PM2%, PM5% or equivalent, Cu, heavy metal inorganic salt solution Zn (PS2%, PS5%) 9 treatments, each treatment was repeated 3 times, under greenhouse conditions 1 years of training test. The soil P value of H, EDTA and Zn to extract the effective state of Cu, the morphology of Cu modified Tessier sequential extraction method, extraction, analysis of Zn content of chicken manure, pig manure, and the same amount of inorganic salt solution Cu, the validity of Zn after entering into the soil and the morphological fate. [results] Application of chicken manure and pig manure after 1 years calcareous soil P, H decreased, P H increased in acidic soil, application of pig manure in calcareous soil P 5% when the H value decreased by 0.23 units, the acid soil P H value increased by 0.87. 1 years after the application of chicken manure, pig manure, available available Zn and Cu in acid soil in calcareous soil, Zn content increased significantly after 5%, when the available Cu content in pig manure in acidic soil increased by 1.95 times, with 5% when the content of 2 kinds of chicken manure available Cu in soil were significantly lower than the amount of inorganic salt. Application of chicken manure and the same amount of inorganic salt, 2 kinds of exchangeable and organic Cu the content of soil Significantly increased the exchangeable, carbonate bound, organic bound and Fe Mn oxide content of Zn increased significantly; pig manure and the same amount of inorganic salt, 2 species exchange in soil, Fe Mn oxides and organic Cu content increased significantly, the carbonate bound and Fe Mn oxide bound content bound Zn increased. [Conclusion] Application of chicken manure, pig manure increased in calcareous soil and acid soil in Zn Cu, the effectiveness of Zn, high dosage under the conditions of validity in chicken manure Cu below the amount of inorganic salt after.1 years, the livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer into 2 kinds of soil Cu mainly exists in the exchangeable and organic forms of Zn are mainly carbonate bound, Fe Mn oxide bound and organic bound form of.2 kinds of soil organic manure Cu, Zn into the Fe Mn oxides ratio is lower than the other The amount of inorganic salt, 2 kinds of organic manure in 2 soils Cu into exchangeable and organic inorganic salts. The proportion is higher than the amount of chicken manure into Zn into exchangeable proportion is lower than the equivalent of inorganic salt in acidic soil, but in calcareous soil is higher than that of inorganic salt.

【作者单位】：中国农业大学资源与环境学院;河北农林科学院农业资源环境研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41271488) 河北省自然科学基金项目(C2013301066)资助
【分类号】：S141
【正文快照】： 农田土壤环境容量影响农业可持续发展和农产品质量安全。有研究表明,我国农田土壤重金属污染的重要来源之一是畜禽粪便有机肥的施用[1]。Nicholson等[2]研究也表明,畜禽粪便对农田土壤Cu、Zn的年贡献率分别为37%40%和8%17%。我国畜禽粪便产生量2011年达21.21亿t,并将随着畜禽

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