易感黑胫病烟田根际土壤微生态变化及其对烟叶质量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-05 11:31

本文关键词：易感黑胫病烟田根际土壤微生态变化及其对烟叶质量的影响　出处：《河南农业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了弄清易感黑胫病烟田土壤微生态的变化情况以及其对烤后烟叶品质的影响,通过大田试验研究了黄色、紫色、红色三种土壤类型中易感病与健康烟田的土壤养分、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量及其多样性以及烤后烟叶的常规化学成分、中性致香物质和烟叶感官质量等指标,研究发现:1、相对于健康烟田,黄色、紫色、红色易感病烟田土壤中pH值略有增加,土壤中的速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮的含量减少。随着烟株生长时间的变化,易感病烟田的有机质含量变化幅度较小,而健康烟田的有机质含量有明显的变化。2、土壤中的脲酶、过氧化氢酶及蔗糖酶活性随着田间烟株生长时期的延长呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,团棵期和旺长期时活性最高,易感病烟田中的土壤酶活性较健康烟田偏小,活性降低。3、随着田间烟株生长时间的延长,土壤中的细菌和真菌数量先增加后降低,放线菌的数量逐渐升高。对比健康烟田,易感病烟田细菌和放线菌的数量减少,真菌数量增加。4、通过利用宏基因组学对旺长期土壤中细菌和真菌的多样性分析发现,易感病烟田细菌的多样性及丰富度小于健康烟田,真菌的大于健康烟田烟田。在门(phylum)水平上,健康与易感病烟田的细菌和真菌的优势菌群种类相同,其主要区别在于优势菌群所占的比例不同。在属(genus)水平上,健康烟田与易感病烟田中的细菌和真菌的优势菌群种类及其所占的比例均有较大差别。5、相对于健康烟田中的烟叶,易感病烟田各部位烟叶的钾、还原糖、总糖等含量不同程度的降低。易感病烟田可以提高上部烟叶中的总氮和烟碱含量,降低各部位烟叶中的钾氯比和糖碱比,使烟叶协调性变差,可用性降低。6、通过对中上部烟叶的中性致香成分测定发现,易感病烟田中烟叶的中性致香成分总量相对于健康均有不同程度的降低。黄色土壤中,易感病与健康土壤中烟叶差异显著的香气成分主要为美拉德反应产物和芳香族氨基酸降解产物,紫色土壤中,差异显著的主要有上部叶的美拉德反应产物、类西柏烷类降解产物含量,中部烟叶中的新植二烯含量。红色土壤中,差异显著的主要是新植二烯含量及上部叶的类胡萝卜素含量。7、通过对烟叶感官质量的评测发现,易感病烟田土壤对烟叶中的香气质、香气量、浓度、劲头、余味、刺激性均有负面影响,其得分均较健康烟田中的低,质量下降。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the change of soil microecology and its effect on the quality of cured tobacco leaf in tobacco field susceptible to black shank disease, yellow and purple were studied through field experiments. Soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities, soil microbial numbers and their diversity in susceptible and healthy tobacco fields, and conventional chemical components of cured tobacco leaves in the three soil types of red. Compared with healthy tobacco field, yellow, purple and red susceptible tobacco field, pH value in soil increased slightly, and available potassium in soil increased slightly. The content of available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen decreased. With the change of growth time of tobacco plant, the change of organic matter content in susceptible tobacco field was small, while that in healthy tobacco field was significantly changed. 2. Urease in soil. The activities of catalase and sucrase increased first and then decreased with the prolongation of the growing period of tobacco plants in the field. The activities of catalase and sucrase were the highest in cluster stage and peak period. The soil enzyme activity in susceptible tobacco field was lower than that in healthy tobacco field. With the increase of growth time, the number of bacteria and fungi in soil increased first and then decreased, and the number of actinomycetes increased gradually. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in susceptible tobacco fields decreased, and the number of fungi increased by .4.The diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil during the peak period was analyzed by using macrogenomics. The diversity and richness of bacteria in susceptible tobacco field was lower than that in healthy tobacco field, and that of fungi was higher than that in healthy tobacco field. The dominant species of bacteria and fungi in healthy and susceptible tobacco fields were the same, and the main difference was that the proportion of dominant bacteria was different at the level of genus Genus. The dominant species of bacteria and fungi and their proportion in healthy tobacco field and susceptible tobacco field were different from that in healthy tobacco field. Compared with healthy tobacco field, the potassium and reducing sugar of tobacco leaf in susceptible tobacco field were lower than those in healthy tobacco field. The contents of total sugar and so on were decreased in different degree. The susceptible tobacco field could increase the content of total nitrogen and nicotine in the upper leaves, decrease the ratio of potassium to chlorine and sugar to alkali in various parts of tobacco leaves, make the coordination of tobacco leaves become poor, and reduce the availability of 6. 6%. Through the determination of neutral aroma components in middle and upper tobacco leaves, it was found that the total content of neutral aroma components of tobacco leaves in susceptible tobacco fields was lower than that of health in varying degrees. The main aroma components of tobacco leaves in susceptible and healthy soils were Maillard reaction products and aromatic amino acid degradation products. In purple soil, the main difference was Maillard reaction products of upper leaves. In red soil, the content of neophyllidene and carotenoid in upper leaves were significantly different. The sensory quality of tobacco leaves was evaluated and it was found that the quality of aroma, aroma, concentration, strength, aftertaste and irritation were all negatively affected by the susceptible tobacco field soil, and the score was lower than that in the healthy tobacco field. The quality is declining.
【学位授予单位】：河南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S435.72;S154

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