精准农业技术对生态环境的影响评价研究进展

发布时间：2018-01-06 12:40

本文关键词：精准农业技术对生态环境的影响评价研究进展　出处：《中国农业科技导报》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：精准农业是保证作物产量和农业环境质量双赢的重要途径。综述了水肥精准管理和病虫草害精准管理的生态环境效益,精准农业通过节省资源投入、减少资源损失、提高利用效率,降低农业生产对土壤和水体环境的污染。但目前的评价内容主要集中在资源投入、残留损失、利用效率以及水土质量方面;其次,由于田间变量信息的获取途径不一致、模型预测和田间应用效果的差异、土壤质地以及作物种类的不同等原因,导致精准农业的环境效益评价结果不确定性较大。未来研究应建立精准农业技术田间定位试验,进行长期的生态环境效益评价研究,为精准农业技术的推广和应用提供数据支持。
[Abstract]:Precision agriculture is an important way to guarantee both crop yield and agricultural environmental quality. The ecological and environmental benefits of water and fertilizer precision management and accurate management of diseases, pests and weeds are reviewed. Precision agriculture can save resources. To reduce the loss of resources, improve the efficiency of utilization, and reduce the pollution of soil and water environment caused by agricultural production, but the current evaluation contents mainly focus on resource input, residual loss, utilization efficiency and water and soil quality; Secondly, because of the different ways of obtaining field variable information, the difference between model prediction and field application, the difference of soil texture and crop species. The result of environmental benefit evaluation of precision agriculture is uncertain. In the future research, we should establish field positioning experiment of precision agriculture technology and carry out long-term ecological environmental benefit evaluation research. To provide data support for the extension and application of precision agriculture technology.
【作者单位】：北京农业信息技术研究中心;国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：中英Newton基金项目国家自然科学基金项目(41171281)资助
【分类号】：S127;S181
【正文快照】： 随着人口数量的不断增加和城市化的加剧,需要从不断减少的土地上生产出更多的食物,肥料、农药和灌溉的不断投入增加了作物产量,但导致土壤退化,农药和养分流失污染河流以及地下水,破坏生态环境[1]。精准农业是保证作物产量和农业环境质量双赢的重要途径[2],精准农业的实践活动

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