生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-01-06 16:31

本文关键词：生物有机肥对土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响　出处：《干旱区研究》2016年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：采用盆栽实验,分析了木霉菌和北虫草废弃培养基生物有机肥对小白菜的增产效果、土壤养分、土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响。结果表明:生物有机肥能够显著提高盆栽小白菜的产量,且随着施肥量增加,产量呈显著增加趋势,其中15 t·hm~(-2)的常量生物有机肥将产量提高了85.06%。小白菜产量在常量生物有机肥处理下比等氮量化肥处理显著低了32.03%,而比常量牛粪处理高了49.07%。生物有机肥能够显著提高土壤有机质、总氮磷钾和速效氮磷钾含量,同时还能够显著提高土壤木霉菌、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性,且随着施肥量的增加而增大。常量生物有机肥处理的土壤有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于等氮量化肥处理,高于或相当于常量牛粪处理;土壤木霉菌、细菌、真菌数量高于等氮量化肥和常量牛粪处理;土壤蔗糖酶、磷酸酶活性高于等氮量化肥处理,相当于常量牛粪处理,过氧化氢酶则比两个处理都高。相关性分析表明,土壤木霉菌、细菌、真菌数量与土壤有机质、总氮、总磷、速效磷、速效钾之间呈显著正相关关系。综合而言,由木霉菌和北虫草废弃培养基堆肥制备的生物有机肥,能够提高小白菜产量和土壤质量,是一种具有良好效果的生物有机肥。
[Abstract]:By pot experiment, analysis of Trichoderma and Cordyceps culture medium waste bio organic fertilizer on Chinese cabbage yield, soil nutrient, soil microorganism and enzyme activity. The results showed that the bio organic fertilizer could increase the yield of Chinese cabbage pot, and with the increase of fertilization amount, the yield was significantly increased, which 15 t - hm~ (-2) constant biological organic fertilizer will yield increased 85.06%. yield of Chinese cabbage in constant biological organic fertilizer than nitrogen fertilizer treatment was significantly lower than 32.03%, and the constant cow dung processing high 49.07%. bio organic fertilizer could significantly increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorus nitrogen phosphorus and potassium the content of available potassium, but also can significantly improve soil Trichoderma, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and soil invertase, urease, phosphatase, catalase activity, and increased with fertilization increase. The biological constant Soil organic matter organic fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium content were significantly higher than that of nitrogen fertilizer treatment, higher than or equal to the constant manure treatment; soil Trichoderma, bacteria, fungi number higher than nitrogen fertilizer and manure constant treatment; soil invertase, phosphatase activity is higher than that of nitrogen fertilizer treatment, the equivalent constant the treatment of cow dung, catalase is higher than two. The correlation analysis showed that soil Trichoderma, bacteria, fungi and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium showed a significant positive correlation between. Overall, by Trichoderma and Cordyceps militaris culture medium waste bio organic fertilizer compost system the preparation, can improve the yield and soil quality of Chinese cabbage, is a good organic fertilizer.

【作者单位】：辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院;陕西省微生物研究所;辽宁工程技术大学理学院;
【基金】：辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金(2015002011) 辽宁省自然科学基金(2015020805) 西安市科技计划项目(CXY1528)
【分类号】：S141
【正文快照】： 木霉菌是一种广泛用于植物病害生物防治和改善作物生长的丝状真菌,不仅能增加作物产量,提高作物品质,还能改良土壤,对重金属污染土壤进行修复和减轻土壤盐渍化〔1〕。北虫草又称蛹虫草,为冬虫夏草同属药用真菌,其人工栽培目前可以通过小麦、大米、小米或高粱米作为养分来源。

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