灰漠土小麦-玉米-棉花轮作体系钾平衡与钾肥利用率

发布时间：2018-01-08 17:26

本文关键词：灰漠土小麦-玉米-棉花轮作体系钾平衡与钾肥利用率　出处：《土壤学报》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：研究了干旱区灰漠土农田典型作物长期定位方式下不同施肥处理对钾平衡及钾形态和利用率的影响。实验包括9个处理,分别为不施肥(CK)、氮磷钾不均衡配施(N、NP、NK和PK)以及均衡施肥与秸秆或有机肥配施(NPK、NPKS、NPKM和1.5 NPKM)。结果表明,均衡施肥的产量显著高于不均衡施肥处理(NP除外)(p0.05)。其中NP处理的产量与其他均衡施肥产量并无明显差异(p0.05),说明钾不是灰漠土农田亏缺养分。钾平衡法发现,均衡施肥中NPKS表现出钾的盈余,而其余均衡施肥处理表现出钾的亏缺,24年亏缺量达到268至2 966 kg hm-2。所有施肥处理中,NPKM和1.5NPKM拥有最高的钾表观利用率,分别达到81.2%和38.9%,显著高于其他处理(p0.05),说明配施有机肥可以显著提高灰漠土钾肥利用率。长期定位试验后,不同处理的钾素形态变化显著,尤其有机肥添加处理的非交换性钾、非特殊吸附性钾、水溶性钾和交换性钾显著高于其他处理(p0.05),进一步说明配施有机肥或秸秆维持灰漠土农田钾素肥力方面的重要性。总而言之,当前灰漠土农田常规施肥方式下的钾亏缺正在逐步加大,补充更多的钾肥以及配合使用有机肥或秸秆应当被重视。
[Abstract]:Study on the grey desert soil in dry farmland of typical crops under different long-term fertilization on potassium and potassium balance form and utilization effect. The experiment included 9 treatments, respectively, no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer is not balanced (N, NP, NK and PK) and balanced fertilization and straw straw or organic fertilizer (NPK, NPKS, NPKM and 1.5 NPKM). The results showed that the yield of balanced fertilization was significantly higher than that of balanced fertilization (except NP) (P0.05). The treatment of NP the yield and other yield balanced fertilization did not differ significantly (P0.05), indicating that the potassium is grey desert soil farmland nutrient deficiency found. Potassium balance method, balanced fertilization of NPKS showed potassium surplus, while the rest of the balanced fertilization showed potassium deficiency, 24 year deficit reached 268 to 2966 kg hm-2. in all fertilizer treatments, NPKM and 1.5NPKM have the highest potassium apparent utilization rate reached 81.2% and 38.9%, respectively, significantly higher than that of Other treatments (P0.05), shows that organic fertilizer can significantly improve the grey desert soil potassium utilization rate. The long-term location test after different treatments of potassium forms changed significantly, especially non exchangeable K in organic fertilizer treatment added, non specifically adsorbed potassium, water soluble K and exchangeable K was significantly higher than other treatments (P0.05), further shows that organic manure or straw to maintain the Grey Desert Soil Potassium Fertility of farmland importance. In short, the grey desert soil farmland under conventional fertilization of potassium deficiency is gradually increasing, more with the use of potassium fertilizer and organic manure or straw should be paid attention to.

【作者单位】：新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所;河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41461066) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203030-08-04) 国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站资助~~
【分类号】：S158
【正文快照】： 土壤的空间异质性以及土壤矿质元素区域分布的差异性,导致不同土壤矿质养分的分布呈现地域性的特点,其中钾素的区域差异性显得尤为明显[1-4]。钾素作为植物营养的三大营养元素之一,对作物的高产、优质和抗逆性有着举足轻重的作用[5-7]。近年来随着作物品种的改善、氮磷肥的大

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