明渠智能测流系统改进与应用

发布时间：2018-01-11 09:11

本文关键词：明渠智能测流系统改进与应用　出处：《济南大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国淡水资源匮乏,随着经济的发展,水资源的短缺严重制约了我国工农业的发展;我国又是一个农业大国,农业灌溉用水量大且时间集中,如何合理利用水资源,提高水资源的利用率,就显得尤为重要。黄河流经我省,是我省农业灌溉的主要水源,但灌溉区普遍存在水资源浪费、使用不合理等问题,因此,科学计量水流量,发展节水农业对我国可持续发展意义重大。本课题以小开河闸测流系统为研究对象,针对测流过程中发现的诸多问题,如机械结构不稳定、测流设备性能落后、通讯可靠性低、测流算法不准确、以及上位机系统不完善等等,并本着实事求是、因地制宜、理论联系实际等原则,提出了一套科学合理的明渠智能测流改进方案,主要从系统硬件和软件方面着手改进,提高了系统的稳定性和测流精确度。首先是针对测流系统硬件方面的升级改进。对结构设计及组装工艺上的改进,提高了系统结构强度和稳定性;流速仪的升级,更好的解决了脉冲信号的读取问题,并且使系统在对数据的处理上更加迅速;新的通讯设备的使用,能够更好的适应恶劣环境,提高了数据传输的可靠性、稳定性和及时性;为了确保设备的安全,改进方案中加装极限保护设备;为了自动测出不同水位条件下的水面宽度,读取水边线位置,引进了超声波水位计等设备。经过诸多改进措施,大大提高了系统的可靠性和可维护性,使测流更加智能化。针对系统的软件改进方面,主要体现在对采集数据的处理上。合理科学的计算方法是精确测流和智能化测流的前提和保障,测流算法的改进包括水面宽度的计算方法、截面积改进算法、水深修正补偿和流速算法四个方面;对应硬件系统的改进,PLC的程序也相对应的进行改进设计;在人机控制界面的改进方面,添加了信号显示灯,设计了全新的自动计算表格,更好的保证操作人员对现场的实时监控,保证了测流系统的整体高效运行。本课题的研究是建立在长期对测流系统的监控分析基础上,并遵循国家的测流标准,利用现有的成熟技术,结合小开河闸的测流经验,开展的一项切实可行的智能测流项目。在测流新方法的探究方面,从灵活性、稳定性和通用性出发,预见性的提出了不同水文条件下的走航式剖面仪测流的方案。
[Abstract]:China is short of fresh water resources. With the development of economy, the shortage of water resources seriously restricts the development of industry and agriculture in China. China is also a large agricultural country, agricultural irrigation water consumption and concentration of time, how to use water resources reasonably, improve the utilization rate of water resources, it is particularly important. The Yellow River flows through our province. It is the main water source of agricultural irrigation in our province, but there are some problems such as waste of water resources and unreasonable use of water resources in irrigation areas. Therefore, water flow is measured scientifically. The development of water-saving agriculture is of great significance to the sustainable development of our country. This subject takes Xiaokaihe sluice flow measurement system as the research object, aiming at many problems found in the course of flow measurement, such as unstable mechanical structure and backward performance of current measuring equipment. The communication reliability is low, the current measurement algorithm is not accurate, and the upper computer system is not perfect and so on, and based on the principles of seeking truth from facts, taking measures according to local conditions, integrating theory with practice and so on. A set of scientific and reasonable improvement scheme of open channel intelligent flow measurement is put forward, which is mainly improved from the aspects of system hardware and software. The stability and accuracy of the system are improved. Firstly, the hardware of the system is upgraded, and the structural design and assembly process are improved to improve the strength and stability of the system. The upgrading of the current meter solves the problem of pulse signal reading better, and makes the system deal with the data more quickly; The use of new communication equipment can better adapt to the harsh environment, and improve the reliability, stability and timeliness of data transmission; In order to ensure the safety of the equipment, the limit protection equipment is added to the scheme. In order to automatically measure the water surface width under different water level conditions, read the position of the water side line, and introduce the ultrasonic water level meter and other equipment, the reliability and maintainability of the system are greatly improved through many improvement measures. The software improvement of the system is mainly reflected in the processing of the collected data. Reasonable and scientific calculation method is the premise and guarantee of accurate and intelligent flow measurement. The improvement of the current measurement algorithm includes the calculation method of the water surface width, the section area improvement algorithm, the water depth correction compensation and the velocity algorithm. The corresponding hardware system improved PLC program is also corresponding to the improvement design; In the aspect of the improvement of man-machine control interface, the signal display lamp is added, and a new automatic calculation table is designed to ensure the real-time monitoring of the operator on the spot. The research of this subject is based on the long-term monitoring and analysis of the current measurement system, in accordance with the national standards of current measurement, the use of existing mature technology. Based on the current measurement experience of Xiaokai River sluice, a feasible and intelligent current measurement project is developed. In the aspect of exploring new methods of current measurement, the flexibility, stability and generality are considered. In this paper, the method of flow measurement by means of cruise profiler under different hydrological conditions is put forward with foresight.
【学位授予单位】：济南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S277;S126

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