滇池东岸农业污水高效收集技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 21:08

本文关键词：滇池东岸农业污水高效收集技术研究　出处：《重庆大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：非点源是中国乃至全球大部分水体的主要污染物来源之一。在2012年滇池的入湖污染物组成中,来自非点源的总磷和总氮分别占总量的68.7%和36.8%。控源截污是滇池应对外来污染的有效手段。滇池环湖周边已经修建好工程规模较大的环湖截污干渠,它与片区截污、河道截污、集镇和村庄截污共同构建起了滇池流域从源头控制到末端截污的控源截污主干工程系统框架。但是由于对雨污水在环湖截污工程收集过程中的产汇流过程和雨污水水质水量变化规律不清,环湖截污工程缺乏相应的配套设施,造成周边的雨污水不能有效地被收集截流到环湖截污干渠,环湖截污系统的综合截污效能没有得到充分发挥。在环湖截污干渠的服务范围内,农村区域的面积远远超过50%。来自农村区域的非点源污染占滇池入湖污染的比重较大。农业污水是农村区域农业非点源污染进入滇池的主要途径,因此研究滇池周边农业污水的高效收集,对提高滇池环湖截污干渠的截污控污效能、改善滇池水环境具有重要意义。本课题选择滇池东岸马料河和洛龙河之间的农村区域作为研究区域,该研究区域主要为大棚种植区域,具有完善的农灌沟渠排水系统,但是由于缺乏有效的污水收集设施,该农灌沟渠排水系统直接把农业污水排入附近的河道或者滇池,对水体造成污染。为了研究农业污水的高效收集技术,课题组前期在研究区域内选择了两条收水范围相对封闭的农灌沟渠作为典型沟渠,并在污水排放口进行了降雨径流水质水量监测。本论文即在此基础之上对降雨径流水质水量监测数据进行了分析,得到了研究区域的农业污水的产汇流特征以及水质水量变化特征,并且根据这些特征提出应选用液位-时间组合控制模式对该区域的农业污水进行高效收集。本论文还借助构建的SWMM模型,模拟分析得到了液位-时间组合控制模式中的各控制参数合理阀值,并对设定截流控制参数条件下的污染负荷截流效率进行了分析。本论文的主要研究结论如下:1)在研究区域内,花卉大棚区域的主要降雨径流污染物为TP、NH3-N和SS,蔬菜大棚区域的主要降雨径流污染物为TP和SS,环湖截污干渠应该针对上述污染物进行截流。2)无论是花卉大棚区域还是蔬菜大棚区域,前期降雨径流的主要污染物平均浓度要高于后期降雨径流。前30%的径流中,携带的TP、NH3-N和SS负荷分别为31.76%—40.21%、37.32%—44.56%、33.02%—45.45%。3)环湖截污干渠应对前期降雨径流进行截流,选择液位-时间组合控制模式对农业污水进行高效截流较为合理。4)现状条件下,若研究区域内所有农灌沟渠末端已修建截流井,并且闸门都全打开,仅仅依靠截流管的通水能力限制截流水量,则环湖截污干渠对4年一遇(降雨量为49mm,降雨历时为2小时)以下降雨径流的截流比例将超过45%。5)液位-时间组合控制模式中的液位参数应该以晴天时各农灌沟渠中的实际液位来确定,截流时间应为100min-120min,此时水量的截流比例为28%-42%。6)在设计典型降雨条件下,当把截流时间设定为110min时,污染物的截流效率会随着降雨重现的增大而增大。当重现期超过0.5年一遇,水量截流比例超过33%,SS、NH3-N、TP的截流比例将超过37.2%、39.6%、和36.7%。7)在典型降雨年,当把截流时间设定为110min时,污染物的截流效率会随着年降雨量的增加而增大,水量的截流比例稳定地超过了30%,污染物负荷的截流比例超过水量的截流比例。
[Abstract]:Non point source is one of the main pollution sources and water. Most of the world's Chinese in pollutants into the lake in Dianchi on 2012, total phosphorus from non-point source and total nitrogen respectively accounted for 68.7% of the total 36.8%. and pollutant source control is an effective means to deal with foreign Dianchi pollution. Dianchi lake has been built around the scale of sewage interception engineering the larger the canal, and its area sewage interception, river interception, interception of villages and towns to build the Dianchi River Basin from the source to control the sewage interception trunk end source control engineering system framework. But because of the rain sewage collected in the Lake Sewage Interception Project during the runoff process of rain and sewage water change is not clear, the lack of supporting facilities around the Lake sewage interception project, caused by rain water cannot effectively be collected around the closure to the Lake sewage interception trunk, comprehensive sewage lagoon system performance Don't get full play. In the Lake sewage interception trunk service within the rural area is far more than 50%. of non-point source pollution from rural areas accounted for a larger proportion of Dianchi lake pollution. Agricultural sewage is the main way of agricultural non point source pollution in Dianchi rural areas, efficient collection so the research around Dianchi agricultural wastewater and to improve the sewage interception trunk of the Dianchi lake pollution control effectiveness, it is important to improve the water environment of Dianchi. The rural area between the east coast of Dianchi Maliaohe River and Luolong River as the study area, the study area is mainly the greenhouse planting area, has a perfect agricultural irrigation ditch drainage system, but due to the lack of effective sewage collection facilities, the agricultural irrigation ditch drainage system directly to agricultural sewage discharged into the river or near Dianchi, cause water pollution. In order to study the agricultural wastewater with high Effect of collection technology, our research group in the study area selected two water collection range of relatively closed irrigation ditches as typical ditches, and the runoff water quality and quantity monitoring in the sewage outfall. This thesis is on the basis of the rainfall runoff water quality and quantity monitoring data analysis, agricultural wastewater the runoff characteristics of the study area and the changes of water quality and quantity characteristics were obtained, and should use level time combination control mode is efficient in the area of agricultural sewage collection is proposed according to the characteristics. The paper use the SWMM model, simulation analysis to get the liquid level time reasonable threshold parameters in the model control. And the closure of pollution control efficiency under the condition of closure of load parameters are analyzed. The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows: 1) in the study area, flower shed area The main runoff pollutants domain of TP, NH3-N and SS, the main runoff pollutants in vegetable greenhouse area for TP and SS, the interception trunk should be the closure of.2 in view of the above pollutants) whether the flowers greenhouse area or vegetable greenhouse area, pre rainfall runoff and average pollutant concentration is higher than that of the late rainfall runoff runoff. Before 30%, carrying TP, NH3-N and SS load were 31.76% - 40.21%, 37.32% - 44.56%, 33.02% - 45.45%.3) in the early response to rainfall runoff interception trunk interception, selection level time control model for efficient agricultural sewage interception on the reasonable.4) under current conditions, if in the study area all irrigation ditches have been built at the end of the intercepting well, and all the gate open, only rely on the closure tube carrying capacity limit closure is the water interception trunk for 4 years (in case of rainfall is 49 Mm, the rainfall duration is 2 hours) following the closure of rainfall runoff ratio will exceed 45%.5) level time to control the liquid level of the parameters in the model should be based on the actual level when sunny agricultural irrigation ditches to determine, the closure time is 100min-120min, the water interception ratio of 28%-42%.6) in a typical design under rainfall conditions. When the cut-off time is set to 110min, the efficiency of pollutant interception increased with rainfall return. When the return period of more than 0.5 years, the water interception ratio of more than 33%, SS, NH3-N, TP ratio of the closure of more than 37.2%, 39.6%, and 36.7%.7) in a typical rainfall year, when the closure time is set to 110min, interception efficiency of contaminants increases with rainfall, interception ratio water stability of more than 30%, the proportion of pollutant load over water interception interception ratio.

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X524;X71

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