长期施肥下新疆灰漠土有机碳及作物产量演变

发布时间：2018-01-15 22:28

本文关键词：长期施肥下新疆灰漠土有机碳及作物产量演变　出处：《中国生态农业学报》2016年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为明确长期不同施肥下新疆灰漠土有机碳和作物产量演变特征,依托始于1990年的灰漠土肥力长期定位监测试验,选择对照(CK,不施肥)、施氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)、氮磷钾配合常量有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷钾配合高量有机肥(h NPKM,有机肥施用量为NPKM的2倍)、氮磷钾配合秸秆还田(NPKS)6个处理,分析不同处理下土壤有机碳和小麦、玉米产量演变特征,探讨碳投入及有机碳与作物产量的关系。结果表明:1)长期耗竭种植(CK)、连续施用NP或NPK肥,灰漠土有机碳含量持续下降,年均下降速率分别为0.094 g·kg~(-1)、0.043 g·kg~(-1)和0.053 g·kg~(-1),表明施化肥(NP、NPK)不能维持土壤有机碳含量,不利于土壤肥力的保持。NPKM和h NPKM处理,土壤有机碳显著增加,年均增加0.360 g·kg~(-1)和0.575 g·kg~(-1),增施有机肥是快速提高灰漠土肥力的重要措施。秸秆还田处理(NKPS),土壤有机碳年均增幅0.006 g·kg~(-1),与NPK处理对比,秸秆还田虽没有大幅度提高土壤有机碳,但维持了土壤肥力。2)较CK,长期化肥有机肥配施(NPKM、h NPKM)显著增加了作物产量(P0.05)。与NP和NPK比较,长期化肥有机肥配施显著提高了小麦产量(P0.05),但玉米产量与施化肥处理差异不显著(P0.05),玉米产量以平衡施肥(NPK)的增幅最高,达到220 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)。小麦的产量变异系数(29.1%~43.9%)高于玉米产量变异(19.0%~32.7%)。化肥配合秸秆还田(NPKS)处理的小麦增产幅度与高量施用有机肥(h NPKM)处理接近,喻示了秸秆还田对作物增产的作用不可忽视。3)碳投入与土壤有机碳和小麦、玉米产量有显著线性正相关(P0.05)。基于以上分析,在干旱区灰漠土增加土壤碳投入(有机肥或秸秆)仍然是最基本的土壤培肥措施。
[Abstract]:In order to clarify the evolution characteristics of organic carbon and crop yield of Xinjiang grey desert soil under different fertilization for a long time, based on the long-term monitoring experiment on fertility of grey desert soil which began in 1990, CK and no fertilization were selected. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were applied to NPK. The yield evolution characteristics of soil organic carbon, wheat and maize under different treatments were analyzed by applying organic fertilizer twice as much as NPKM and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with straw returning to the field. The relationship between carbon input, organic carbon and crop yield was studied. The results showed that the organic carbon content of grey desert soil decreased continuously after long-term depletion and continuous application of NP or NPK fertilizer. The annual decreasing rates were 0.094 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.053 g 路kg ~ (-1) respectively, which indicated that the application of chemical fertilizer was NP. NPK) can not maintain soil organic carbon content, which is not conducive to soil fertility. NPKM and h NPKM treatment, soil organic carbon significantly increased. The annual increase of 0.360 g 路kg ~ (-1) and 0.575 g 路kg ~ (-1) ~ (-1) of organic fertilizer is an important measure to increase the fertility of grey desert soil. The average annual increase of soil organic carbon was 0.006 g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1). Compared with NPK treatment, straw returning to the field did not increase soil organic carbon significantly, but maintained soil fertility (0.2) than CK. Compared with NP and NPK, long-term chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with NPKM significantly increased crop yield. Long-term organic fertilizer application significantly increased wheat yield, but the difference between maize yield and chemical fertilizer treatment was not significant (P 0.05), and the increase of maize yield was the highest in balanced fertilization (NPK). The coefficient of variation of wheat yield is 29.1and 43.9%) higher than that of corn yield variation (19.0m ~ 32.7%). The yield increase of wheat treated by chemical fertilizer combined with straw returning to field was close to that of high amount of organic fertilizer application. The results showed that the effect of straw returning to the field on crop yield could not be ignored. 3) carbon input had significant linear positive correlation with soil organic carbon and wheat, and maize yield had a significant linear positive correlation (P 0.05) based on the above analysis. Increasing soil carbon input (organic fertilizer or straw) is still the most basic measure of soil fertility in arid area.
【作者单位】：新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所;国家灰漠土长期肥力与肥料效应监测站;
【基金】：新疆自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2013211A039)资助~~
【分类号】：S158.5
【正文快照】： Corresponding author,XU Yongmei,E-mail:xym1973@163.com土壤肥力和作物产量提升一直是农业研究关注的焦点。土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)是表征土壤肥力高低的主要指标,也是土壤学研究中肥力的代表性指标,在生态系统生产力、农业生态系统功能及农田肥力中占有非常

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