中国粮食作物化肥施用的碳排放时空演变与减排潜力

发布时间：2018-01-17 03:02

本文关键词：中国粮食作物化肥施用的碳排放时空演变与减排潜力　出处：《资源科学》2016年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：研究区域农作物化肥施用的碳排放趋势演进规律与减排潜力对于合理制定农业碳减排政策具有重要意义。基于"全国农产品成本收益资料汇编"、"中国统计年鉴"和农业部"小麦、玉米、水稻三大粮食作物区域大配方与施肥建议"中各地区的三大粮食作物产量、化肥投入类型及其数量等数据,采用碳排放系数法,测算并分析2005-2013年中国三大粮食作物化肥施用碳排放时空演变与碳减排潜力。结果表明:1江苏、安徽、宁夏、甘肃和山西的玉米,湖北、陕西和宁夏的小麦,辽宁、山东、江苏、浙江、陕西和湖南的水稻,其化肥施用的单位产品碳排放量下降明显;2黑龙江、吉林和新疆的玉米,云南和河南的小麦,吉林、广西和云南的水稻,其化肥施用的单位产品碳排放量不降反升;3与测土配方施肥情形相比,在2013年,江苏、陕西、湖北、贵州、广西和云南的玉米,山西、内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、宁夏、新疆、河北、四川、云南和江苏的小麦,湖南、江苏、海南、安徽、云南、广东和广西的水稻,其化肥施用的单位产品碳排放量偏高;4全国玉米化肥施用碳减排潜力约574万t CE,集中在黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、山东、内蒙古、陕西、云南、贵州和广西;5全国小麦化肥施用碳减排潜力约475万t CE,集中在河北、江苏、山东和河南;6全国水稻化肥施用碳减排潜力约206万t CE,集中在湖南、广东、广西、江苏和江西。最后,结合实地调查,本文提出应在粮食作物化肥施用碳减排潜力大的区域,通过政策激励和市场化运作,提高测土配方施肥技术推广的效应。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to study the evolution of carbon emission trend and the potential of carbon emission reduction of regional crop fertilizer application for the rational formulation of agricultural carbon emission reduction policy. Based on the National Agricultural products Cost-benefit data Compendium. Statistics Yearbook of China and the data of regional formula and fertilizer application of three major grain crops of wheat, corn and rice in China Statistical Yearbook and the Ministry of Agriculture, data of grain crop yield, type and quantity of chemical fertilizer input in each region. The carbon emission coefficient method was used to calculate and analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of carbon emissions and the potential of carbon emission reduction of three major grain crops in China from 2005 to 2013. The results showed that: 1 Jiangsu, Anhui and Ningxia. Maize from Gansu and Shanxi, wheat from Hubei, Shaanxi and Ningxia, and rice from Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shaanxi and Hunan decreased significantly. (2) in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Xinjiang, wheat in Yunnan and Henan, and rice in Jilin, Guangxi and Yunnan, the carbon emissions per unit product of fertilizer application increased instead of decreasing; In 2013, maize from Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Hebei, Sichuan. Wheat from Yunnan and Jiangsu, Hunan, Jiangsu, Hainan, Anhui, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi have higher carbon emissions per unit product. (4) the carbon emission reduction potential of maize fertilizer application in China was about 5.74 million tons, concentrated in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi; (5) the carbon emission reduction potential of wheat fertilizer application in China is about 4.75 million tons, which is concentrated in Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong and Henan provinces; (6) the potential carbon emission reduction potential of rice fertilizer application in China was about 2.06 million tons, which was concentrated in Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces. Finally, field investigation was carried out. In this paper, it is suggested that the application of chemical fertilizer in grain crops should be carried out in areas with great potential for carbon abatement, and the effect of popularizing the technology of soil testing formula fertilization should be improved through policy incentives and market-oriented operation.
【作者单位】：湖南科技大学商学院/两型社会与生态文明协同创新中心;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目(11&ZD043) 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(教高司函〔2014〕58号201410534012) 湖南省教育厅优秀青年基金项目(15B092)
【分类号】：X71
【正文快照】： 1引言农业碳排放仅占中国温室气体排放总量的16%~17%[1],但其所拥有的减排潜力以及由此带来的正外部效应却不应低估[2]。农业碳排放源有农业投入品使用、农业能源耗费、农业废弃物处理、稻田甲烷排放、土壤氧化亚氮的直接排放、动物尤其是反刍动物养殖带来的碳排放[3-5]。世界

【共引文献】