碳调节剂降低次生盐渍化土壤中可溶性盐含量的可行性

发布时间：2018-01-25 00:46

本文关键词： 土壤次生盐渍化硝酸根碳/氮互作碳调节剂　出处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2016年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】设施土壤次生盐渍化主要是由于氮肥施用过多造成的硝酸盐在表土中的累积。本研究根据碳/氮互作原理,向次生盐渍化土壤中添加碳调节剂(秸秆+腐解菌),探讨其降低土壤可溶性盐含量的可行性。【方法】碳调节剂主要以小麦成熟期秸秆磨成粉加入快腐菌剂制成。采用盆钵试验方法,土壤盐分动态试验在每盆2.5 kg土壤中添加150 g碳调节剂,调节剂用量试验在每盆中添加0(CK)、30(T1)、60(T2)、90(T3)、120(T4)、150(T5)和180 g/pot(T6)碳调节剂,进行短期(7 d)和长期(90 d)培养,并在培养过程中测定土壤溶液的电导率、可溶性盐含量及离子组成。【结果】盐分动态试验监测结果表明,土壤中加入碳调节剂后,明显增加了起始电导值,随培养进行,电导值不断下降,呈二项式关系(y=0.0138x2-0.2681x+3.7768,r=0.9966**),7 d以后基本趋于稳定。碳调节剂用量试验结果表明,培养7 d后,添加碳调节剂的所有处理其水溶性盐含量均较对照有极显著下降,下降幅度随调节剂用量的增加而增加。培养90 d后,添加碳调节剂的各处理土壤水溶性盐呈现进一步下降趋势。与培养7d时相比,T3和T4处理降幅最为明显,其中T4处理在培养7 d已降低23.82%的基础上又降低了9.14%,总降幅达到32.96%,该结果说明碳调节剂的加入,其长期效应也是不可忽视的。无论是短期培养还是长期培养,只要加入碳调节剂,土壤溶液中的硝酸根浓度均明显下降,最多可使硝酸根浓度降低97.10%,这些结果说明,通过向次生盐渍化土壤中加入碳调节剂来降低硝酸根含量的方法是可行的。碳调节剂还可大幅增加土壤速效钾的含量,其中T6处理使土壤水溶性钾浓度提高了近10倍,但对速效磷的补充有限。长期培养90 d,速效氮、磷、钾养分的变化与短期培养7 d相似,只是铵态氮和硝态氮进一步明显减少。【结论】综合考虑经济效益,理论上碳调节剂用量在36 g/kg(T3处理)和48 g/kg(T4处理)之间较为合适,但实际田间用量需经过大田生产过程加以进一步验正。
[Abstract]:[Objective] secondary salinization of soil is mainly due to the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer caused by excessive in surface soils. According to the study of carbon / nitrogen interaction principle, adding carbon to the soil salinization regulator (straw + decomposing bacteria), to explore the feasibility of reducing soil soluble salt content. [method] carbon mainly in wheat maturity regulator straw powder made with fast decomposing agent. The pot experiment method, soil salt dynamic test with 150 g carbon regulator in 2.5 kg soil in each pot, modifier dosage test in per pot add 0 (CK), 30 (T1), 60 (T2), 90 (T3), 120 (T4), 150 (T5) and 180 g/pot (T6) carbon regulator, short-term (7 d) and long-term (90 d) training, and determination of conductivity of soil solution in the training process, the content and composition of soluble salt ions. [results] salt dynamic test monitoring results show that soil added Carbon regulators significantly increased after initial values of conductivity with culture, conductance values continue to decline, a binomial relationship (y=0.0138x2-0.2681x+3.7768, r=0.9966**), after 7 d tends to be stable. The experimental results showed that the amount of carbon regulator, after 7 d culture, adding carbon regulation agent all the water soluble salt content was significantly lower than that of control a significant decline, increasing decline of regulator dosage increased. After 90 d culture, the soil water soluble salt added carbon regulator showed decreasing trend. Compared with the culture of 7D, T3 and T4 is most obvious decline, the treatment of T4 in 7 d culture has been reduced by 9.14% and decreased on the basis of 23.82%, the total fell to 32.96%, the results show that the addition of carbon regulator, its long-term effects can not be ignored. Both the short-term or long-term training training, as long as the addition of carbon in the soil solution regulator. Nitrate concentrations were significantly decreased, can make the most of the nitrate concentration decreased 97.10%, these results indicated that by adding carbon to the soil salinization regulator to reduce nitrate content is feasible. The carbon content of modifier can also significantly increased soil available potassium, the treatment of T6, soil water soluble K concentration increased nearly 10 times, but the available phosphorus supplement is limited. The long-term culture of 90 d, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in short-term culture changes similar to 7 d, but ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen further decreased significantly. [Conclusion] considering the economic benefit, the theory of carbon dosage was 36 g/kg (regulator T3) and 48 g/kg (T4) between the more appropriate, but the actual amount of field after field production process to be further checked.

【作者单位】：扬州大学环境科学与工程学院;江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心;
【基金】：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(12)3021] 国家重点基础研究发展计划(2013CB127404) 江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2014345,BE2013360)资助
【分类号】：S156.4
【正文快照】： 随着农村产业结构的调整,我国设施蔬菜栽培面积已从1978年的0.53万公顷发展到2011年的400多万公顷[1]。但在高投入高产出的情况下,3年左右土壤即会出现不同程度的次生盐渍化[2-3],导致作物产量和品质降低[4-7]。我们在前期试验中已发现,设施农业土壤的次生盐渍化主要是由于氮

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