水土保持耕作措施的研究进展及展望

发布时间：2018-01-25 11:52

本文关键词： 坡耕地水土流失水土保持耕作措施农业生产　出处：《云南农业大学学报(自然科学)》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：水土流失是世界各国普遍存在的环境问题之一,严重威胁着农业的可持续发展。坡耕地是造成水土流失的主要策源地。然而,坡耕地是山区农业中重要的土地资源。如何有效地控制坡耕地水土流失的同时提高坡耕地的土地生产力,实现坡耕地农业可持续利用已成为社会各界关注的焦点。水土保持耕作措施是控制坡耕地水土流失的重要措施之一。该措施一是通过改变微地形增加降雨的入渗时间,削减径流流速及降低其挟沙能力,如等高耕作和垄作;二是增加覆盖度来减少雨滴的削弱作用,如间作和秸秆覆盖;三是改善土壤物理性质,增加土壤有机质,如免耕和深松耕。显然,水土保持耕作措施具有良好的蓄水保土效应,许多研究开始关注于这些措施控制水土流失的作用机制,尽管还不完全清楚。因此,本文综述了这些水土保持耕作措施控制水土流失的机制,探讨了这些措施在农业生产实践中存在的问题,对该措施在农业发展生产中应用提出了几点意见。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is one of the most common environmental problems in the world, which seriously threatens the sustainable development of agriculture. Sloping farmland is the main source of soil and water loss. Sloping farmland is an important land resource in mountain agriculture. How to effectively control soil erosion of sloping farmland and improve the land productivity of sloping land. The sustainable utilization of sloping farmland agriculture has become the focus of attention. Soil and water conservation tillage is one of the important measures to control soil and water loss of sloping land. The first measure is to increase the infiltration of rainfall by changing the micro-topography. Time. Reducing runoff velocity and sediment carrying capacity, such as contour tillage and ridge cropping; The second is to increase the coverage to reduce the weakening effect of raindrops, such as intercropping and straw mulching; The third is to improve the physical properties of soil and increase soil organic matter, such as no-tillage and deep loosening. Obviously, soil and water conservation tillage has a good effect of water and soil conservation. Many studies have focused on the mechanism of controlling soil and water loss by these measures, although it is not completely clear. Therefore, this paper summarizes the mechanism of soil and water loss control by these measures of soil and water conservation and tillage. This paper probes into the problems existing in the practice of these measures in agricultural production, and puts forward some suggestions on the application of these measures in agricultural development and production.
【作者单位】：云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院;
【基金】：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20125302110001) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119) 云南省现代玉米产业体系(2016)
【分类号】：S157.42
【正文快照】： 水土流失是世界各国普遍存在的环境问题之一,已严重威胁着农业的可持续发展[1-2]。坡耕地是造成水土流失的主要策源地,坡耕地水土流失现象在美国、澳大利亚、中国、印度、肯尼亚、挪威以及西班牙等国十分严重[3-5]。20世纪90年代,中国年均水土流失量约50亿t,其中,坡耕地水土流

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