生物炭输入对纳帕海青稞生长与土壤微生物生态学特征的影响

发布时间：2018-01-26 03:47

本文关键词： 牦牛粪生物炭纳帕海土壤微生物生态特征青稞生长　出处：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生物炭是由生物质在缺氧条件热解炭化而成。近年来常作为土壤碳基肥、改良剂应用于农业领域,也作为吸附剂、碳素储存载体应用于污染物去除和固碳减排等方面。为了深入探究牦牛粪生物炭输入土壤对青稞生长、土壤理化性质及土壤微生物多样性、菌群结构的影响,本研究选取纳帕海高原湿地牦牛粪生物炭为研究对象,分别以0、1/16、1/8、1/4比例输入土壤,以青稞作为供试作物,设置田间原位种植试验,结合室内分析,探索牦牛粪生物质与制得牦牛粪生物炭理化性质特征,及牦牛粪生物炭输入纳帕海高原旱地农田后,对青稞作物产量、地上部分生物量、根、茎、叶、种子、种皮等各组织多种元素含量以及土壤理化性质、微生物多样性、菌群结构的变化产生的影响,揭示青稞和土壤对不同生物炭输入量的响应。主要研究结果如下：1、牦牛粪生物炭表面粗糙且富含多孔的块状结构,具有发达的孔隙结构、较大比表面积和吸附性能；生物炭表面富含官能团,主要包括O-H、C≡C、C=O、硝基、芳香族C=C等,生物炭表面含有C=O酮结构等碱性基团导致生物炭具有碱性属性,生物炭的碱性属性可以改善土壤酸化状况,提高土壤pH；生物炭表面种类丰富的极性官能团有利于生物炭对土壤的改良；C、N、H、O元素是牦牛粪生物质以及生物炭的主要构成元素,牦牛粪中四种元素含量分别占32.15%、2.31%、4.09%、18.32%,牦牛粪生物炭中C、N、H、O含量比例分别为33.0%、1.96%、2.69%、16.48%；生物炭H/C值为0.08,H/C值较高说明生物炭芳构化程度较低；(O+N)/C值为0.56,(O+N)/C值较高,说明生物炭的表面极性和亲水性较强；牦牛粪中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cd、Cr、Ni、Ti、As、Pb 10种金属元素含量都低于牦牛粪生物炭；牦牛粪生物炭TOC较高,输入土壤可以提高土壤肥力：因此,牦牛粪生物炭可以作为一种土壤改良剂实际应用；污染性重金属离子在牦牛粪和生物炭的含量都较低,说明生物炭输入土壤不会造成重金属污染；2、牦牛粪生物炭的输入对青稞的生长有促进作用,作物产量最高可以提高16%,对青稞生长发育期的时间没有明显改变；本试验1/16生物炭输入比例样地青稞株高、叶长、叶宽3指标数据较其他3样地呈现优势；生物炭输入后,青稞植株的TN以及根、茎、叶的N含量下降,且随着生物炭输入量的增加而下降更加明显；青稞根、茎、叶的P元素含量都在B样地到达峰值,随着生物炭输入量的增加在C样地到达最低点,D样地再次回升,其他组织规律不明显；在生物炭的作用下,多数金属元素更容易在根部富集。3、生物炭的输入可以改善纳帕海旱地农田土壤的性质,表现为可以提高土壤的pH、降低土壤中碳氮硫磷元素含量、升高土壤TOC值；生物炭输入土壤后还使得土壤中As、Cu、Ni、Ti、Mn、Fe等10种金属元素含量均降低5%以上；这些土壤性质的改变说明,旱地土壤品质得到一定的提升,也是青稞产量提升的根本原因之一。4、纳帕海湿地周围农田土壤微生物优势种群为Proteobacteria (变形菌),Actinobacteria(放线菌),Chloroflexi(绿弯菌),Planctomycetes(浮霉菌),Acidobacteria(酸杆菌),Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌),Gemmatimonadetes (芽单胞菌),总比例超过89.8%。Proteobacteria(变形菌),为最优势类群,占所有序列的29.4%。纳帕海农田土壤微生物群落多样性高；菌群结构组成丰富度随着生物炭输入量增加而呈下降趋势。总体上,纳帕海湿地周围农田土壤微生物菌群结构组成丰富、群落多样性也较高。该研究成果为高原牦牛粪生物质的资源化利用开辟了一条可行的路径,生物炭的土壤输入对纳帕海高原湿地区域农田土壤的改良和保护具有重要的实际意义,促进高原农业科学的发展以及生物炭的合理利用,为生态安全提供理论数据。
[Abstract]:Biochar is from biomass pyrolysis charring in anoxic conditions. In recent years, often used as a soil carbon base fertilizer, modifier is applied to the field of agriculture, but also as an adsorbent, carbon storage carrier used in the removal of pollutants and carbon emission reduction. In order to explore the yak dung biochar input on soil physicochemical properties of barley growth. And soil microbial diversity in soil, influence of flora structure, this study selected the yak dung in Napahai wetlands biochar as the research object, respectively, with a ratio of 0,1/16,1/8,1/4 input to the soil, barley as tested crops, set the field planting experiment in situ, combined with laboratory analysis, explore the yak dung biomass and preparation of yak dung biological carbon physical and chemical characteristics, and dry yak dung biochar input Napahai farmland, crop yield of barley, aboveground biomass, root, stem, leaf, seed, skin and other tissues of various kinds of element Pigment content and physicochemical properties of soil, microbial diversity, microbial community structure changes, to reveal the response of different soil highland barley and biological carbon input. The main results are as follows: 1, yak dung biochar rough surface and rich porous block structure, has developed pore structure, large specific surface area. And the adsorption performance; rich in biological carbon surface functional groups, including O-H, C and C, C=O, nitro, aromatic C=C, biological carbon surface containing C=O ketone structure of alkaline groups to bio carbon with alkaline properties, alkaline properties biochar can improve soil acidification, improve soil pH; polar functional groups of biological carbon the surface of a variety of conducive to improvement of biochar on soil; C, N, H, O elements are yak dung biomass and biological carbon main elements, the contents of four elements in Yak dung accounted for 32.15%, 2.31% and 4.09% respectively, 18.32%, yak dung biochar in C, N, H, O were respectively 33%, 1.96%, 2.69%, 16.48%; biochar H/C value is 0.08, the higher H/C value of biochar aromatization degree is low; (O+N) /C 0.56 (O+N), high /C value, indicating the surface of biological carbon polar and hydrophilic; Yak dung in Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ti, As, Pb content of 10 kinds of metal elements are lower than that of yak dung Biocharcoal; Yak dung biochar TOC high input soil can improve soil fertility, therefore, yak dung biochar can as a soil improver in practical application; pollution of heavy metal ions in Yak dung and biological carbon are low, indicating that the biological carbon input into the soil will not cause heavy metal pollution; 2, to promote the role of yak dung biochar input of barley crop growth, the highest yield can be increased by 16%, the growth period of barley the time had no obvious change The test of 1/16; biochar input ratio plots barley plant height, leaf length, leaf width 3 index data than the other 3 samples showed advantage; biological carbon input, barley plants TN and root, stem, leaf N content decreased, and with the increase of biochar input decreased more significantly; barley root, stem, leaf P content reached peak in B plots, with the increase of biochar input reaching the lowest point in the C plot, D plot again, other organization law is not obvious; the biological effect of carbon, most metal elements more easily in the roots of biological carbon enrichment of.3 the input can improve Napahai upland soil properties, as can improve soil pH, reduce the content of sulfur element carbon nitrogen in soil, increase soil TOC value; soil biological carbon input also makes the soil As, Cu, Ni, Ti, Mn, Fe and other 10 kinds of metal element content decreased 5% above These; change of soil, soil quality have been improved, but also enhance the yield of barley root cause of.4. The population of Napahai Wetland Soil Microbial Proteobacteria surrounding farmland (Proteobacteria), Actinobacteria (Fang Xianjun), Chloroflexi (green bend bacteria), Planctomycetes (floating mold), Acidobacteria (acid bacillus), Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes), Gemmatimonadetes (gemmatimonadetes), the total ratio of more than 89.8%.Proteobacteria (Proteobacteria), as the most dominant species, accounting for all the 29.4%. sequences of Napahai soil microbial community diversity; flora composition with richness of biochar input increased decreased. On the whole, Napahai Wetland surrounding farmland soil microbial community structure composition and abundance, community diversity is higher. The research results for the resources of the plateau yak dung biomass utilization A feasible path is put forward. The soil input of biochar has important practical significance for the improvement and protection of farmland soil in Napahai Plateau Wetland Area, and promotes the development of plateau agricultural science and rational utilization of biochar, so as to provide theoretical data for ecological safety.

【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S512.3;S154.3

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