含微量元素高分子缓释肥的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 19:12

本文关键词： 微量元素高分子缓释肥制备工艺养分释放动力学盆栽试验　出处：《中北大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以尿素、甲醛和铁、锰、铜、锌的磷酸二氢盐为原料制备了一种含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）对其结构进行了表征，通过凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）确定了其平均分子量大小和分子量分布。通过正交和优化实验确定了反应的最佳工艺条件为：尿醛比（U/F）为1.6，加成温度30℃，加成时间80min，，缩聚温度50℃，缩聚时间30min，凝胶温度70℃，烘干温度80℃，此条件下产物的冷水溶解度为24.4%，热水溶解度为77.2%。以尿素、甲醛、硼酸和氢氧化钾为原料制备了一种含硼高分子缓释肥。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）表征了其结构，通过凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）确定了其平均分子量大小和分子量分布。通过优化实验确定了反应的最佳工艺条件为：U/F为1.25，加成温度30℃，加成时间80min，缩聚温度60℃，缩聚时间40min，凝胶温度70℃，烘干温度80℃，此条件下产物的冷水溶解度为23.8%，热水溶解度为76.9%。通过静水释放试验研究了含微量元素高分子缓释肥在水中的养分释放特征，同时进行了动力学分析。结果表明：含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥中各养分的释放曲线以及肥料失重率变化曲线均近似呈倒“L“型；培养120天之后，氮、磷的累积释放率以及肥料的失重率分别达到49.0%、100%和62.8%，铁、锰、铜、锌在培养30天之后释放完全；含硼高分子缓释肥中氮、硼的释放曲线以及肥料失重率变化曲线均近似呈倒“L”型，培养120天之后氮、硼的累积释放率分别达到49.2%和43.1%，肥料失重率达到42.0%，钾在培养10天之后即释放完全；叶诺维奇方程能够很好地描述含微量元素高分子缓释肥的养分释放模式。通过土壤培养试验研究了含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥在不同含水量土壤中的养分释放特征，同时进行了动力学分析。结果表明：（1）随着培养时间的延长，土壤中铵态氮的含量呈现增-减-增-减的变化趋势，硝态氮、有效磷和铁锰铜锌有效量含量均呈现逐渐增加趋势；各营养元素的累积释放率均随时间延长逐渐增加，且铁锰铜锌在90天内均释放完全。（2）随着含水量的增加，有效磷和铁锰铜锌有效量含量逐渐增加，铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别在含水量为80%和60%条件下最大。磷、铁、锰、铜、锌的累积释放率均随着含水量增加而增加，氮在各含水量条件下累积释放率大小顺序为60%80%40%，失重率随含水量增加变化规律与氮的规律一致。（3）含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥在土壤中培养对土壤酸碱度没有太大影响。（4）对含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥在含水量分别为40%、60%和80%土壤中的养分释放规律描述最好的方程分别为：抛物线方程、一级动力学方程和叶诺维奇方程。通过油菜盆栽试验对含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥的肥效进行了研究，结果表明：各处理的油菜株高、产量以及油菜对各营养元素吸收量大小顺序均为：复混微肥（CCFW）复混肥（CCF）≈含微量元素高分子缓释肥（SRMF）空白（CK），各处理土壤中氮、磷、钾的含量大小顺序均为：SRMFCCFCCFWCK，铁、锰、铜、锌含量大小均为：SRMFCCFWCKCCF，表明含铁锰铜锌高分子缓释肥的加入可促进油菜生长发育，同时提高土壤肥力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, urea, formaldehyde and iron, manganese, copper, zinc dihydrogen phosphate as raw materials to prepare a polymer containing Fe Mn Cu and Zn fertilizer. By infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The reaction conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment and Optimization: urea formaldehyde (U/F) ratio was 1.6, plus 30 degrees Celsius temperature, addition polycondensation time 80min, temperature 50 C, reaction time 30min, the gel temperature is 70 degrees centigrade, the drying temperature is 80 degrees centigrade, the cold water solubility of the products under this condition is 24.4%, hot water the solubility of 77.2%.
With urea, formaldehyde, boric acid and potassium hydroxide as raw materials to prepare a polymer containing boron fertilizer. By infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to determine the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The best reaction condition was determined through optimization experiment: U/F as of 1.25, plus 30 degrees Celsius temperature, addition polycondensation time 80min, temperature 60 C, reaction time 40min, the gel temperature is 70 degrees centigrade, the drying temperature is 80 degrees centigrade, the cold water solubility of the products under 23.8% conditions, water solubility is 76.9%.
Study on the content of trace elements in water polymer slow-release fertilizer nutrient release characteristics of the hydrostatic release test, and the dynamic analysis. The results showed that the nutrient containing Fe Mn Cu and Zn in polymer slow-release fertilizer release curve and fertilizer loss rate curves are approximately inverted "L" type; after 120 days of incubation, nitrogen accumulation. The release rate of phosphorus fertilizer and the loss rate reached 49%, 100% and 62.8%, iron, manganese, copper, zinc release after 30 days in culture; boron containing polymer slow-release fertilizer nitrogen, boron fertilizer release curve and weight loss curves are similar to an inverted "L" type, training 120 days after n b, the cumulative release rate reached 49.2% and 43.1% respectively, the fertilizer loss rate reached 42%, potassium was completely released after 10 days in culture; leaves Norwich release equation can well describe the mode a polymer slow-release fertilizer containing trace elements Type.
Study on iron manganese zinc polymer slow-release fertilizer in different water content in soil by soil nutrient release characteristics, and the dynamic analysis. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of the culture time, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil showed a trend of increase decrease increase decrease of nitrate. Nitrogen, phosphorus and iron manganese zinc effective amount of content showed a gradually increasing trend; the cumulative release rate of each nutrient element gradually increased, and the Fe Mn Cu and Zn in 90 days were released completely. (2) with the increase of water content, available phosphorus and iron manganese copper zinc content gradually increased effectively, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content in water was 80% and 60%. The maximum under the condition of phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the cumulative release rate increases with the increasing of water content, nitrogen in the water under the condition of the cumulative release rate of the order of 60%80%40%, with the rate of weight loss Content consistent increasing trend with nitrogen. (3) containing Fe Mn Cu and Zn in soil cultivation of polymer slow-release fertilizer has little effect on soil pH. (4) of Fe Mn Cu Zn polymer slow release fertilizer in water were 40%, 60% and 80% in soil nutrient release patterns describe the best equations are: parabolic equation, first-order kinetic equation and Ye Aganovich equation.
The effect of rape pot experiment of Fe Mn Cu Zn polymer slow-release fertilizer was studied, the result showed that the plant height and yield of rape, rape uptake sequence are of different nutrient elements: mixed trace elements (CCFW) compound fertilizer (CCF) - containing trace elements of polymer slow-release fertilizer (SRMF) blank (CK), nitrogen, soil phosphorus content of each treatment, the size of order k were: SRMFCCFCCFWCK, iron, manganese, copper, zinc content in size were: SRMFCCFWCKCCF, indicated that the addition of iron manganese zinc polymer slow-release fertilizer can promote the growth and development of rape, and improve soil fertility.

【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ449.1

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