春灌结合秸秆隔层促进土壤脱盐增加微生物多样性

发布时间：2018-02-05 23:21

  本文关键词： 灌溉 秸秆 脱盐 中度盐碱地 土壤微生物区系　出处：《农业工程学报》2017年18期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为探讨春灌结合秸秆隔层对土壤水盐分布及微生物区系的影响,该文采用田间微区试验方法,以当地常规春灌水平(2 250 m~3/hm~2)为对照(CK),设置秸秆隔层深埋条件下常规春灌灌水量的100%、90%、80%、70%(W100、W90、W80、W70)4个梯度共5个处理,研究河套灌区不同春灌灌水量下秸秆隔层对中度盐碱地水盐分布、微生物区系及食葵产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆隔层处理20~40 cm土层含水率随春灌量的增加而增加,W100处理春灌后根系分布层(0~40 cm)含水率较CK、W90、W80、W70显著提高6.5%、3.6%、5.8%、8.9%(P0.05);W100和W90处理春灌后均具有较好的脱盐效果,盐分淋洗深度达50~60 cm,其0~40 cm盐分较CK显著降低18.9%和13.9%(P0.05),春灌前后土壤脱盐率也分别较CK提高34.9%、30.1%(P0.05),但W100与W90处理间春灌后土壤盐分、脱盐率均无显著差异,W80处理与CK之间也没有达到显著差异水平(P0.05)。收获后,CK处理0~40 cm含水率显著高于其他4个处理,W100和W90处理0~40 cm含盐量显著低于CK 27.6%和16.3%(P0.05),但2个处理间含盐量无显著差异,W80处理与CK差异也不显著,而W70盐分含量显著最高。与CK、W80和W70相比,W100和W90处理均显著增加了收获期土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌可培养微生物数量,并增加了可培养优势菌群种类,而W90处理相比W100处理更有利于土壤真菌生长。W100处理食葵产量显著高于其他4个处理(P0.05),分别较CK、W90、W80和W70增产5.3%、6.8%、11.4%和13.6%,W90与CK两处理间产量无显著差异,但其水分生产率显著高于CK,而W100与CK处理间水分生产率差异不显著。综上来看,单纯从高产角度,当前春灌量水平结合秸秆隔层(W100)处理食葵增产效果最显著值得推荐,而从土壤脱盐、作物稳产及水分生产率提高等综合效应考虑,在当前春灌基础上减少10%灌水量结合秸秆隔层(W90)是可推荐的措施。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of spring irrigation and straw compartments on the distribution of soil water and salt and microflora, a field experiment was conducted in this paper. Under the condition of deep burying of straws, 100% of the irrigation amount in spring irrigation was 100% or 80% of that of the normal spring irrigation. The distribution of water and salt in straw interlayer to moderate saline soil was studied in Hetao irrigation area under different spring irrigation amount. The effect of microbial flora and the yield of edible sunflower. The results showed that the moisture content of 2040 cm soil layer increased with the increase of spring irrigation amount. Compared with CK W90, W80W70, the water content of root distribution layer of W100 treatment increased by 6.5%, 3.6cm and 5.8% compared with CK W90 W80W70 significantly after spring irrigation. (8. 9) P0.05; Both W100 and W90 treatments had better desalination effect after spring irrigation, and the depth of salt leaching was 50 ~ 60 cm. The salt content of 0 ~ 40 cm was significantly lower than that of CK by 18.9% and 13.9% P0.05, and the desalinization rate of soil before and after spring irrigation was 34.9% higher than that of CK, respectively. There was no significant difference in soil salinity and desalinization rate between W100 and W90 treatments after spring irrigation. There was no significant difference between W80 treatment and CK, and the water content of CK was significantly higher than that of the other four treatments. The salt content of 40 cm in W100 and W90 treatments was significantly lower than that in CK 27.6% and 16.3, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. W80 treatment had no significant difference with CK, but W70 salt content was the highest. Compared with CK W80 and W70 treatments, W100 and W90 treatments significantly increased soil bacteria and actinomycetes at harvest stage. The number of culturable microorganisms was increased and the dominant species of culturable microflora were increased. Compared with W100 treatment, W90 treatment was more favorable to the growth of soil fungi. W100 treatment was significantly higher than the other four treatments P0.05N, compared with CK W90 treatment. There was no significant difference in yield between W80 and W70 between the two treatments, but the water productivity of W80 and W70 was significantly higher than that of CK. But there was no significant difference in water productivity between W100 and CK treatments. In summary, from the perspective of high yield, the current spring irrigation level combined with straw mulch W100) treatment was the most significant to recommend. Considering the comprehensive effects of soil desalination, stable crop yield and water productivity, it is recommended to reduce 10% irrigation amount and straw interlayer W90 on the basis of current spring irrigation.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;北京理工大学生命学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31471455) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303130) 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132016051)
【分类号】：S154.3;S156.4
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本文编号：1493023