凤眼莲生物炭对稻田土壤肥力的影响

发布时间：2018-02-06 04:41

本文关键词： 凤眼莲生物炭总氮有效磷淋失稻田土壤　出处：《环境化学》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：我国南方稻田土壤在长期酸雨淋溶条件下养分淋失严重,不但制约了水稻等农作物的可持续生产,而且造成化肥资源的大量无效施用与水体富营养化的环境威胁.近年来研究表明,生物炭在减少亚马逊流域贫瘠土壤养分淋失方面具有突出效果,然而,关于生物炭对我国南方红壤性稻田土壤的养分保持作用研究报道较少.本实验以近几年在我国南方水域频繁暴发引发严重生态危害的入侵植物凤眼莲为生物质前体,于低温慢热解条件下制备生物炭,通过静态共育与模拟酸雨土柱淋溶,系统解析了凤眼莲生物炭(WBC)对稻田土壤养分的持留效果.结果表明:WBC的施用在有效提高土壤pH和CEC的基础上,能够显著增加土壤全N和速效K含量,但却使有效P含量随共育时间的延长而明显降低.在酸雨淋溶条件下,与对照相比,WBC处理中NH_4~+-N、NO_3-N和有效P淋失总量分别减少8.2%—49.8%,14.3%—76.2%和16.6%—43.3%,而K淋失总量提高16.5%—20.8%,但淋溶后WBC处理土壤中速效K含量仍显著高于对照,这表明淋溶液K浓度的升高主要来源于生物炭中丰富的水溶性K.根据以上研究结果,凤眼莲生物炭的施用在短期(1年)内有助于红壤性稻田土壤中主要矿质元素的保蓄持留,对减控稻田面源N、P流失具有重要作用,但其长期效应仍需定位试验的持续跟踪检测.
[Abstract]:Under the condition of long-term acid rain leaching, the nutrient loss of paddy soil in southern China is serious, which not only restricts the sustainable production of rice and other crops. In recent years, studies have shown that biochar has a prominent effect on reducing nutrient leaching of poor soils in the Amazon basin, however. There are few reports on the nutrient conservation effect of biochar on red soil paddy soil in the south of China. In this experiment, the invasive plant hyacinth hyacinth, which caused serious ecological hazards in the waters of southern China in recent years, was used as biomass. Body. Biochar was prepared under low temperature and slow pyrolysis conditions, and was eluted by static co-culture and simulated acid rain soil column. The retention effect of water hyacinth biochar (WBCC) on soil nutrients in paddy fields was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the application of WBC was based on the effective improvement of soil pH and CEC. The contents of total N and available K increased significantly, but the content of available P decreased with the increase of co-culture time. Under the condition of acid rain leaching, compared with the control, NH4- N in WBC treatment was significantly decreased. The total amount of NO_3-N and effective P were decreased by 8.2% -49.8% and 16.6- 43.3%, respectively. The total amount of K leaching increased by 16.5-20.8, but the content of available K in the soil treated with WBC was still significantly higher than that of the control. This indicated that the increase of K concentration in leaching solution was mainly due to the abundant water-soluble K in biochar. In the short term (1 year), the application of biochar in hyacinth helps to preserve and retain the main mineral elements in the paddy soil of red soil, and plays an important role in reducing and controlling the loss of NBP from non-point source in paddy field. However, its long-term effect still needs the continuous tracking detection of the localization test.
【作者单位】：湖南省环境保护科学研究院;湖南师范大学资源与环境科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41301339) 湖南省地理学重点学科湖南省高校科技创新团队霍英东教育基金会高等院校青年教师基金(151029) 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200900) 国家科技支撑计划(2014BAC09B02)资助~~
【分类号】：S158

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