公路边坡不同生态护坡形式土壤水分特征分析

发布时间：2018-02-09 04:16

本文关键词： 公路边坡土壤含水量时空变化特征保水效果　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高等级公路是我国一项重要的基础设施,对公路建设过程中形成的边坡进行防护对公路边坡稳定及行车安全具有重要作用。作为边坡防护的主体,绿化植被的正常生长离不开水分,而土壤水分状况不仅是影响植物生存和稳定最敏感的限制因子,对植被恢复和生态环境重建也是具有决定性作用的因子,即探讨土壤水分在公路边坡的变动特性,对边坡顺利地进行防护具有重要的指导意义。以沈棋路沿线的草皮防护、挂网喷播、六角空心砖防护和菱形网格植草四种典型边坡防护形式为研究对象,使用频域反射仪(FDR)法取得表土层的水分数值,以便于分析探讨不同公路边坡防护形式下土壤水分在时间和空间上的变化特性,以确定公路边坡不同护坡形式的保水效果。研究的结论如下:(1)4月各护坡形式土壤水分含量均表现为从坡上至坡下逐渐增大的变化规律;7月的第三、第四天及9月的第二至第四天,六角防护坡面坡中含水量高于坡下和坡上部,其余观测时间的坡面水分分布规律与4月份一致;(2)4月的第一、第二天,各护坡形式土壤含水量均值大小为草皮防护挂网喷播六角空心砖防护菱形网格植草,第三、第四天为草皮防护六角空心砖防护挂网喷播菱形网格植草;7月的第一天为草皮防护菱形网格植草挂网喷播六角空心砖防护,第二至第四天与9月的第三、第四天均表现为草皮防护六角空心砖防护菱形网格植草挂网喷播;9月的第一、第二天为草皮防护挂网喷播菱形网格植草六角空心砖防护;(3)4月含水量在各坡面表现为草皮防护六角空心砖防护挂网喷播菱形网格植草;7月为草皮防护六角空心砖防护菱形网格植草挂网喷播;9月为草皮防护菱形网格植草六角空心砖防护挂网喷播;草皮防护和菱形防护的坡面含水量在各月均表现为9月4月7月;挂网植草为4月9月7月;六角防护为4月7月9月;(4)不同护坡形式下坡面水分减少量间均存在显著差异(Sig.0.05);同一种护坡形式下同一坡位的水分变异程度呈现随时间变化逐渐增大的规律;在四种护坡形式中除六角防护表现为坡上坡下坡中外,其余三种护坡形式均表现为从坡上至坡下逐渐趋于减弱,即坡上坡中坡下;(5)4月不同护坡形式含水率变化量平均值大小排序为菱形网格植草(12.5%)挂网喷播(10.6%)草皮防护(9.2%)六角空心砖防护(8.5%);7月为挂网喷播(25.8%)菱形网格植草(22.3%)草皮防护(18.6%)六角空心砖防护(17.8%);9月为挂网喷播(23.7%)菱形网格植草(20.0%)草皮防护(15.8%)六角空心砖防护(14.6%),综上,7月份边坡坡面植被耗水量最大,保水能力大小依次为六角空心砖防护草皮防护菱形网格植草挂网喷播,保水效果以六角空心砖配合紫穗槐灌木和小火炬草本植被的护坡形式为最好。
[Abstract]:High-grade highway is an important infrastructure in China. It plays an important role in slope stability and driving safety. The normal growth of greening vegetation is inseparable from water, and soil moisture is not only the most sensitive limiting factor affecting plant survival and stability, but also a decisive factor for vegetation restoration and ecological environment reconstruction. That is to say, it is of great significance to discuss the changing characteristics of soil moisture in highway slope, which is of great significance for the smooth protection of the slope. Four typical slope protection forms, hexagonal hollow brick protection and rhombohedral grid grass planting, were studied. The surface soil moisture values were obtained by frequency-domain reflectometer (FDR) method. In order to analyze and discuss the variation characteristics of soil moisture in time and space under different forms of highway slope protection, In order to determine the water retention effect of different slope protection forms on highway slope, the conclusion of the study is as follows: in April, the soil moisture content of each slope protection form increased gradually from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and the third in July, On 4th days and the second to 4th days of September, the water content in the hexagonal slope was higher than that in the lower slope and the upper part of the slope. The distribution of water on the slope of the remaining observation time was the same as that of April) the first and the second day of April. The average value of soil water content in each slope protection form is turf protection, hanging net, spray seeding hexagonal hollow brick to protect rhombus grid grass, third, 4th days for turf protection, hexagonal hollow brick protective net for spray seeding rhomboid mesh planting grass; first day for turf protection rhombic grid grass hanging net spraying hexagonal hollow brick protection, second to 4th days and third on September, 4th days for turf protection hexagonal hollow brick protection rhombus grid grass hanging net spray; September first, On April, the water content on each slope was shown as turf protection, hexagonal hollow brick protection, spray seeding with rhomboid mesh, and turf protection with hexagonal hollow brick on July, and with hexagonal hollow brick on July. In September, it was sprayed for turf protection rhombic grid with hexagonal hollow brick. The slope water content of turf protection and rhombohedral protection was July on September, July on April on September, July on July on hanging net grass, and July on July on turf protection and rhombohedral protection, respectively. Hexagon protection was taken on April July. (4) there were significant differences in water reduction of slope surface under different slope protection forms (Sig. 0.05), and the variation degree of water in the same slope position under the same slope protection showed the law of increasing with time. In the four slope protection forms, except hexagonal protection, the other three slope protection forms are gradually weakening from the top to the bottom of the slope, and the other three forms of slope protection are gradually weakening from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope. On April, the average value of water content change in different slope protection forms was arranged as rhombus grid grass planting 12.5) hanging net spraying sowing 10.6) turf protection was 9.2g) hexagonal hollow brick protection was 8.5g / h; on July it was sprayed 25.8m for hanging net; and 22.3mm for rhombus mesh planting grass). (18. 6) Hexagon hollow brick protection is 17.8m; on September, it was sprayed on a net for 23.7m) rhombic grid grass planting 20.0) turf protection was 15.810%) Hexagon hollow brick protection was 14.60.The slope slope vegetation on the slope in July consumed the largest amount of water. The order of water retention capacity was hexagonal hollow brick protection turf protection rhombus grid grass planting net spray seeding. The best water conservation effect was in the form of slope protection of hexagonal hollow brick combined with Amorpha fruticosa shrub and small flare herbaceous vegetation.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U417.12;S152.7

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