喀斯特高原峡谷区不同恢复模式的土壤生态效应

发布时间：2018-02-09 17:41

本文关键词： 不同恢复模式喀斯特高原峡谷区土壤物理性质土壤抗侵蚀特性生态效应　出处：《水土保持学报》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：通过野外调查和室内试验分析,以荒草地作为对照,选取贵州省西南部喀斯特高原花江峡谷地区6种不同的生态恢复模式作为研究对象,对其林下土壤的理化性质、抗侵蚀特征、渗透性能及其与土壤养分之间的关系进行分析,探讨该地区不同恢复模式对土壤产生的生态效应及作用过程。结果表明:(1)相较于荒草地,不同恢复模式对土壤容重、总孔隙度等物理特性指标和抗冲性系数、抗蚀性指数均有显著的改善作用(p0.05)。其中,不同恢复模式总孔隙度与非毛管孔隙度均值分别较荒草地提高了2.62%,6.45%;土壤紧实度、容重均值分别较荒草地降低了19.95%,3.98%,趋于稳定的不同恢复模式抗冲性系数均值为荒草地的1.79倍,流失的干土重均值仅为荒草地的45.42%;不同恢复模式趋于稳定的抗蚀指数均值较荒草地高27.53%。(2)不同恢复模式土壤初渗率(2min)、稳渗率、平均渗率、渗透总量4个指标的均值依次为荒草地的1.6倍,1.0倍,1.2倍和1.3倍;土壤渗透性能的主成分综合评价模型Z=0.9689×F1结果表明不同恢复模式渗透性平均得分(0.186 0)比荒草地(-1.115 8)高,这反映出不同恢复模式渗透性能较好。(3)土壤养分中碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质与渗透总量、抗冲性系数和抗蚀性指数普遍存在极显著的相关关系(p0.01),土壤抗侵蚀特性和渗透能力与土壤养分关系紧密。综上所述,不同恢复模式对该地区的林下土壤物理性质、土壤抗侵蚀特性和渗透能力有显著的改善作用,而这些生态功能的改善对土壤养分的赋存和流失具有很大关联。
[Abstract]:Based on field investigation and laboratory experiment analysis, six different ecological restoration models in Huajiang canyon area of karst plateau in southwest Guizhou Province were selected to study the physical and chemical properties of the soil under the forest. The characteristics of erosion resistance, permeability and their relationship with soil nutrients were analyzed, and the ecological effects and processes of different restoration models on soil in this area were discussed. Different restoration models have significant effects on soil bulk density, total porosity, erosion resistance index, erosion resistance index and so on. The mean values of total porosity and non-capillary porosity of different restoration models were increased by 2.62% and 6.45 than those of barren grassland, respectively, and the average soil compactness and bulk density were reduced by 19.95% and 3.98, respectively, and the average anti-scour coefficient of different restoration models tended to be 1.79 times of that of barren grassland, and the mean values of soil compactness and bulk density of different restoration models were 1.79 times higher than those of barren grassland, respectively. The average value of dry soil weight lost was only 45.42 of barren grassland, and the average value of erosion resistance index of different restoration models was 27.53% higher than that of barren grassland.) the initial infiltration rate of soil in different restoration models was 2 mins, steady infiltration rate and average infiltration rate. The mean values of the four indexes of total osmotic capacity were 1.6 times 1.0 times and 1.3 times as much as that of barren grassland, and the results of comprehensive evaluation model of soil osmotic property Zu 0.9689 脳 F1 showed that the average score of permeability of different restoration models was 0.186 0) higher than that of barren grassland (-1.115 8). This shows that different restoration models have better osmotic properties.) soil nutrients are alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter and total permeable amount. There is a significant correlation between erosion resistance coefficient and erosion resistance index, and soil erosion resistance and permeability are closely related to soil nutrients. Soil erosion resistance and osmotic ability were significantly improved, and the improvement of these ecological functions was closely related to the occurrence and loss of soil nutrients.
【作者单位】：贵州大学林学院;贵州省林业厅;
【基金】：贵州省科技重大专项(黔科合JZ字[2014]200211) 贵州省社发攻关项目(黔科合SY字[2013]3165号) 黔科合重大专项(字[2016]3022号)
【分类号】：S157

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