园林绿化废弃物堆肥制备屋顶绿化栽培基质技术初步研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 13:21

本文关键词： 园林绿化废弃物生活污泥好氧堆肥屋顶绿化基质　出处：《杭州师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前科学研究发现植被在城市中能吸收一些空气中的细小颗粒、能改善城市热岛效应。但现在很多城市已经高楼林立,很难再腾出大片空地来进行植树造林。所以在建筑物顶部栽培一些植被成为一个既绿化城市又不占用宝贵土地资源的一个最佳方案——屋顶绿化。然而屋顶绿化的核心之一是栽培基质,国内屋顶栽培基质存在种类偏少、成本高、肥效差、产品性状不稳定、基质大多为不可再生资源等缺点。根据上述缺点,本研究先筛选废弃工农业有机物,并实地调查了杭州锦绣风景区附近的堆肥厂,污泥来自杭州组团污水处理厂,萧山养猪厂,确定适宜的有机废弃物。通过调试高温好氧堆肥参数,使有机物经过堆肥的升温、高温、腐熟阶段制作出稳定的堆肥产品,再将堆肥产品与珍珠岩、煤渣、草木灰等按不同比例混合制作出植物生长的屋顶绿化栽培基质,利用spss软件进行方差分析,确定最优的基质配方。主要研究成果如下:(1)由于不同体积的堆体以及材料不同,都会造成堆肥的控制参数范围不完全相同,本实验中堆体体积约100L,将有机废弃物C/N比调为25左右,水分60%左右,风量200~300L/h,风量时间控制为通气10分钟停50分钟,颗粒大小控制在直径一厘米左右,经过40天左右,使堆体达到腐熟要求。(2)利用园林废弃物、茶叶渣、猪粪按重量比4:3:6混合,经过28天堆置,将堆肥产物和草炭、园土在屋顶进行两周的育苗实验,结果显示堆肥产品作为育苗栽培基质略优于草炭。(3)利用园林废弃物、生活污泥按重量比6:5混合,经过41天堆制,将堆肥和珍珠岩、煤渣、草木灰按不同比例混合作为弗甲草的栽培基质,再和草炭、园土进行栽培效果比较。结果是堆肥:珍珠岩=5:1(体积比)的基质,弗甲草的叶长。叶宽、分支长,干重明显优于其他基质。屋顶绿化形成产业化,成本控制是重要条件之一,本实验使用废弃有机物制作屋顶绿化栽培基质有两大意义:一,使用廉价的有机废弃物可以制作出成本低廉、性状稳定的栽培基质。二,处理了有机废弃物,减少了不可再生资源的使用,保护生态环境。其经济意义和社会效益将不可忽视。
[Abstract]:At present, scientific research has found that vegetation can absorb some fine particles in the air in cities, which can improve the urban heat island effect. But now many cities are already full of tall buildings. It is difficult to make a lot of open space for afforestation. So planting some vegetation on the top of the building is the best way to greener the city without taking up valuable land resources-roof greening. One of the core is the culture substrate, There are some disadvantages in domestic roof culture media, such as few kinds, high cost, poor fertilizer efficiency, unstable product characters, and most of the substrates are non-renewable resources, etc. According to the above shortcomings, this study first screened the waste industrial and agricultural organic matter. The composting plant near Jinxiu Scenic spot in Hangzhou was investigated on the spot. The sludge came from the sewage treatment plant in Hangzhou, Xiaoshan Pig Plant, and the suitable organic waste was determined. By adjusting the composting parameters of high temperature aerobic composting, the organic matter was heated up by composting. A stable composting product was made at high temperature and mature stage, and then mixed with perlite, cinder, grass ash and so on to produce the roof greening cultivation substrate of plant growth according to different proportion. The variance analysis was carried out by using spss software. Determine the optimal matrix formula. The main research results are as follows: (1) because of different volumes of the heap and different materials, the control parameters of compost are not exactly the same. In this experiment, the volume of the reactor is about 100L, the C / N ratio of organic waste is about 25, the water content is about 60%, the air volume is 200 ~ 300L / h, the air flow time is controlled by 10 minutes and the air flow is stopped for 50 minutes, and the particle size is controlled at about one centimeter in diameter for about 40 days. Using garden waste, tea dregs and pig dung at the weight ratio of 4: 3: 6, after 28 days of piling, compost products and peat, garden soil were used for two weeks of seedling raising experiments on the roof. The results showed that compost product was slightly better than peat. 3) using garden waste, the living sludge was mixed at 6: 5 by weight. After 41 days of composting, compost, perlite and cinder were prepared. The plant ash is mixed in different proportion as the cultivation substrate of Euphorbia vulgaris, and then compared with peat and orchard soil. The result is compost: the substrate of perlite 5: 1 (volume ratio), the leaf length, leaf width, branch length, The dry weight is obviously superior to other substrates. The industrialization of roof greening, cost control is one of the important conditions. The cheap organic waste can be used to produce a low cost and stable cultivation substrate. Secondly, the organic waste is treated, the use of non-renewable resources is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected. The economic and social benefits can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：杭州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4;S731

【参考文献】