陈山红心杉土壤养分、酶活性的根际效应及肥力评价

发布时间：2018-02-12 23:17

本文关键词： 陈山红心杉林龄根际肥力综合指数　出处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：【目的】陈山红心杉是国家级林木良种,获国家地理标志保护。土壤肥力状况影响林木的生长,根际是植物与土壤物质直接交换的场所,研究不同林龄陈山红心杉根际和非根际土养分含量、酶活性及综合肥力状况,可进一步了解土壤养分状况随林龄的演变规律,为陈山红心杉的养分管理和合理经营提供理论依据。【方法】以江西省安福县陈山林场不同林龄陈山红心杉为试验对象,测定了根际和非根际土壤养分(有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾)含量和酶活性(过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶),分析了根际效应随林龄的变化规律,并进一步通过主成分分析对土壤肥力进行了综合评价。【结果】林龄对土壤养分、酶活性具有显著影响,仅碱解氮、全氮和全磷在根际和非根际间无显著差异。养分和酶活性在根际和非根际土中随林龄变化趋势一致,反映了根际受植物根系和林地土壤的共同影响。随着林龄的增加,有机质、氮素养分(碱解氮和全氮)、钾素养分(速效钾和全钾)、蛋白酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性先下降后上升,总体以10年最低;有效磷变化趋势与之相反,全磷呈下降的趋势;蔗糖酶活性呈"下降升高下降"的趋势,过氧化氢酶活性变化趋势与蔗糖酶相反。有机质、碱解氮和酶活性的根际效应为正效应(RE0),其余均为负效应(RE0,除20年全氮和40年有效磷外),有机质和有效磷的根际效应在林龄间差异显著(P0.05)。陈山红心杉根际和非根际土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)介于 1.408~2.238,不同林龄土壤(根际和非根际)IFI变化趋势为5年(2.238、2.413)40年( 0.313、0.065)20 a( 0.773、 1.019)10 a( 1.203、 1.408)。5年和40年土壤肥力综合指数表现为根际非根际,主要由第二(蔗糖酶)、第三(速效磷和全磷)主成分得分导致;而10年和20年土壤肥力综合指数表现为根际非根际,主要是由第一主成分(有机质、碱解氮、全氮、脲酶和蛋白酶等)得分导致。【结论】随着林龄的增加,土壤肥力下降,尤其是10年前后最低,后虽有所恢复,但不能恢复到第5年水平。因此,在林木生长过程中,应在树龄10年左右适当补充林地土壤氮、磷养分。
[Abstract]:[objective] Chenshan Redwood is a national forest species, which is protected by national geographical indications. Soil fertility affects the growth of trees, and the rhizosphere is a place where plants and soil materials can be exchanged directly. The study of nutrient content, enzyme activity and comprehensive fertility in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil of Cunninghamia chenshanensis at different forest ages can further understand the evolution of soil nutrient status with forest age. [methods] soil nutrients (organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were determined with different forest ages in Chenshan Forest Farm, Anfu County, Jiangxi Province. The contents and activities of total potassium, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium (catalase, protease, sucrase, urease and phosphatase) were analyzed. Furthermore, the soil fertility was evaluated by principal component analysis. [results] Forest age had a significant effect on soil nutrient and enzyme activity, only alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, There was no significant difference between total nitrogen and total phosphorus between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere. The change trend of nutrient and enzyme activity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil was consistent with forest age, which indicated that rhizosphere was affected by plant root system and forest soil. Nitrogen nutrients (alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen), potassium content (available potassium and total potassium, protease, urease and phosphatase activities) first decreased and then increased, and generally the lowest in 10 years, the change trend of available phosphorus was opposite, the total phosphorus showed a downward trend. The activity of sucrose increased and decreased. The change of catalase activity was opposite to that of sucrase. The rhizosphere effect of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and enzyme activity was positive, while the others were negative. Except for 20 years of total nitrogen and 40 years of available phosphorus, the rhizosphere effects of organic matter and available phosphorus were significantly different among forest ages (P0.05). The comprehensive index of soil fertility (IFI) was between 1.408 and 2.238, and the variation trend of IFI in different forest age soils (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere) was 2.238 ~ 2.413) 40 years (0.313 ~ 0.065 ~ (20)) (0.773, 1.019 ~ 10 ~ (10) a) (1.203, 1.408). The comprehensive index of soil fertility for 5 and 40 years was rhizosphere non-rhizosphere. It was mainly caused by the scores of the second (sucrase), the third (available phosphorus and total phosphorus) principal components, while the comprehensive index of soil fertility in 10 and 20 years showed non-rhizosphere, mainly by the first principal component (organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, total nitrogen, total nitrogen). [conclusion] with the increase of forest age, soil fertility decreased, especially the lowest in about 10 years, but could not recover to the level of the fifth year. Therefore, in the process of forest growth, the soil fertility decreased with the increase of forest age, and the soil fertility decreased with the increase of forest age, especially after 10 years, but the soil fertility did not recover to the fifth year level. The soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients should be supplemented at the age of 10 years or so.
【作者单位】：中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所/国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室;江西农业大学/江西省森林培育重点实验室;江西省安福县陈山林场;江西特色林木资源培育与利用2011协同创新中心;
【基金】：江西省高等学校科技落地计划项目(KJLD13024) 国家自然科学基金项目(31560204)资助
【分类号】：S791;S714

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