湖南省典型农业干旱区基本农田保护研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 12:57

  本文关键词： 基本农田保护 典型 农业干旱 湖南　出处：《中南林业科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业干旱涉及到自然条件、社会经济等多方面因素,制约着农业的发展。虽然湖南地处我国亚热带地区,降水较为丰富,但是其时空分布极不均匀,很多地方出现了不同程度的农业干旱,给湖南农业带来了巨大的损失。为相应国家“中部崛起”的战略号召,使湖南农业快速发展,本文通过收集2011年湖南省MODIS遥感数据、气象数据以及其他相关数据,并结合湖南省的自然条件和社会状况,采用2008年《中华人民共和国农业干旱等级划分标准》对湖南农业干旱区进行界定,划分出不同等级的农业干旱区域,并对不同农业干旱等级的县市进行调查,对农业干旱区内基本农田的利用现状、动态变化及变化驱动力等指标进行分析,以期明确湖南省农业干旱区基本农田保护中的存在的问题,并提出对策。在为湖南省农业干旱区创造巨大的经济和社会效益的同时,通过节约和合理利用水、土资源,提高湖南省农业干旱区的其他各项效益价值。进而将该研究延伸到与湖南省自然条件相同的广大南方地区的,服务于南方各类农业干旱区的基本农田保护。研究发现：(1)湖南省农业干旱现象较为严重,其中中度及中度以上农业干旱地区占湖南全省面积的63%；其他地区农业干旱也时有发生,但中度及中度以上农业干旱发生概率相对较低。具体表现为：严重干旱区主要分布在湘中南及湘西地区,占全省主要城市的35%；中度干旱区主要分布在湘南及资水上游地区,占全省主要城市的28%；轻度干旱地区主要集中在环洞庭湖地区。(2)湖南省典型农业干旱区在已利用的土地中主要以农用地为主,典型农业干旱区农田面积从2007年末到2011年末净减农田0.24万公顷,人均耕地面积为0.0567公顷/人。2011年湖南省典型农业干旱区农作物播种面积为324.74万公顷,占全省农作物播种面积的38.65%,其中粮食作物和稻谷面积为198.31万公顷和150.39万公顷,分别占典型农业干旱区农作物播种面积的46%和35%。湖南省典型农业干旱区中中度农业干旱区农作物播种面积为187.95万公顷,较严重农业干旱区多51.16万公顷；各类作物面积分别约为：粮食作物105.57万公顷,稻谷面积82.93万公顷,油料面积30.11万公顷,蔬菜面积24.83万公顷,均高于严重农业干旱区各类作物面积。(3)湖南省典型农业干旱区主要分布在衡邵盆地和湘西雪峰山区以及资水源头地区,这些地区以壤土为主,土壤容重1.1～1.4g/cm3,孔隙度50%～60%之间。土壤中N的含量较高,但是K和P严重缺乏。典型农业干旱区各市平均耕地生产力指数为0.98。其中娄底市、邵阳市的生产力指数较高,分别为1.22和1.09；张家界市生产力指数最低,为0.79。中度农业干旱区生产力指数为0.93,严重干旱区生产力指数1.03。(4)本文采用专家打分法选取了影响湖南省典型农田干旱区基本农田变化8个因子,通过利用层次分析和主成分分析法来对湖南省典型农田干旱区基本农田变化的驱动力进行分析,发现影响湖南省典型农田干旱区基本农田变化主要有3个主要驱动力：社会经济、国家政策及自然环境因素。其中社会经济影响因素特征值最高,为4.894,方差贡献率为61.17%；其次是国家政策因素,其特征值为1.910,方差贡献率为23.875%；最后是自然条件因素,其特征值为0.837,方差贡献率10.463%。这表明社会经济作为主要驱动力对湖南省农业干旱的影响最大。(5)通过结合典型农业干旱区基本农田的静态和动态分析,发现在基本农田保护中存在以下几点不足：基本农田面积在不断减小,人地矛盾日益突出；监管不严,保护意识较差；‘频繁调整、利用过程较为粗狂；基础设施建设落后,阻碍农业发展。同时从政策、管理、技术三个层面对典型农业干旱区基本农田的保护提出了相应的对策和建议。
[Abstract]:The agricultural drought is related to the natural conditions, many factors such as social economy, restricting the development of agriculture. Although Hunan is located in the subtropical region of China, rainfall is abundant, but its temporal spatial distribution is extremely uneven, many places appeared different degree of agricultural drought has brought huge losses to agriculture in Hunan. The corresponding strategic call the rise of central China, the rapid development of Hunan agriculture, this paper collected in Hunan province in 2011 MODIS remote sensing data, meteorological data and other related data, combined with the Hunan province natural conditions and social conditions, by 2008 "People's Republic of China agricultural drought classification standard of agriculture in the arid areas of Hunan > defines, divided into regional agricultural drought different grades, and the investigation of different agricultural drought counties, and utilization situation of agriculture in the arid areas in the basic farmland, dynamic change and Analyze the changes of driving force and other indicators, in order to clear the existing problems of Hunan province agriculture in arid area of basic farmland protection, and puts forward some countermeasures. To create enormous economic and social benefits for agriculture in the arid areas in Hunan province at the same time, through the conservation and rational use of water, soil resources, improve the efficiency of agricultural drought in Hunan province the value of the research. And then extended to the same natural conditions in Hunan province and the south area, the basic farmland protection service in the south of agriculture in the arid areas. The study found that: (1) the phenomenon of Hunan Province Agricultural drought is serious, the moderate and severe drought in Hunan province accounts for 63% of the area; other areas of agricultural drought have also occurred, but moderate and moderate drought occurrence probability is relatively low. The specific performance: the severe drought areas are mainly distributed in the south of Hunan and Xiangxi The main city area, accounting for 35% of the province; moderate drought area is mainly distributed in Hunan and upstream water resources area, the main city accounted for 28% of the province; mild drought area mainly concentrated in the central area of the Dongting Lake. (2) the typical agricultural drought area of Hunan Province in the use of land is mainly agricultural land, farmland in typical arid area the agricultural area from late 2007 to 2011 at the end of the year net decrease of 2 thousand and 400 hectares of farmland, per capita arable land area of 0.0567 hectares /.2011 in Hunan Province in agriculture in the arid areas of typical crops sown area of 3 million 247 thousand and 400 hectares, the province accounted for 38.65% of the sown area of crops, including grain crops and rice area of 1 million 983 thousand and 100 hectares and 1 million 503 thousand and 900 hectares, respectively, moderate crops in arid area agricultural planting area of typical arid region agricultural crop sown area of 46% and 35%. of Hunan Province, a typical agricultural drought area of 1 million 879 thousand and 500 hectares, serious agriculture in Arid Areas 澶，

本文编号：1508217