精准农业传感器网络中的节能技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-14 01:07

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络精准农业通信协议数据压缩采样调度　出处：《中国农业大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：农业是国民经济的基础产业。精准农业是现代农业发展的必然趋势,其有效实施对提高我国农业的现代化水平具有重大意义。作为精准农业实施基础性环节田间信息获取主要实现方式的无线传感器网络,其关键技术的研究和解决对于精准农业的推广应用具有重要意义。本文从系统架构模型、网络通信协议、网络内数据融合处理方法和采样调度机制四个方面对精准农业无线传感器网络的节能实现方法进行了研究,并阐述了面向温室集群监测和航空施药雾滴沉积监测两个传感器网络应用系统的具体设计和实现方案。论文的主要研究内容包括： (1)从应用环境、样点部署、数据需求、传感器及监测方式、网络结构、网络容错性及实时性需求等角度分析了精准农业无线传感器网络的特殊性,确定了精准农业无线传感器网络的应用需求,定义了精准农业无线传感器网络的网络模型。针对大田和温室集群两种典型无线传感器网络应用场景,从系统服务架构、系统实现架构、网络拓扑结构角度具体阐述了精准农业无线传感器网络架构的节能型设计,重点描述了精准农业无线传感器网络的分层、异构架构实现形式。 (2)研究分析了分层、异构精准农业无线传感器网络通信协议的节能方法。对MAC协议的能量消耗来源进行了分析,设计了一种能够负载流量自适应的节能AS-MAC协议；针对精准农业传感器网络分布范围较大难于实现传感节点到汇聚节点的直接通信、网络异构造成的节点剩余能量差异较大等问题,设计了一种支持簇内多跳、具有节点剩余能量意识的EA-LEACH协议。综合AS-MAC、EA-LEACH及Zigbee分析了异构、分层精准农业无线传感器网络节能通信协议A-Stack的实现方式,并利用实验分析了该协议体系的能耗指标和节能效果。 (3)针对被监测数据特征,从减少网内数据传输量的角度,研究了精准农业无线传感器网络的节能实现方法。针对被监测参数具有较强的内在相关性和变化周期性的特点,研究提出了基于分段线性回归的传感器网络数据压缩传输方法,利用田间样本数据对算法的有效性进行了评估,结果表明：对于空气相对湿度和土壤温度,整体数据压缩率可达51.9%。针对一定区域范围和时间段内,同一参数、不同传感器网络节点的感知数据具有相似性的特点,研究提出了基于网络节点四叉树编码的数据聚合方法,利用田间样本数据对其进行了验证,结果表明：算法对环境温度、空气相对湿度、土壤温度、土壤湿度的数据无损聚合率分别达11.7%、19.5%、12.64%和33.34%。 (4)针对精准农业采样需求,研究分析了变周期采样调度的实现方式,从减少无效采样次数角度研究了精准农业无线传感器网络的节能实现方法。通过建立传感器网络节点采样、数据计算、无线通信等环节的能耗计算模型,分析了采样功耗的控制方法。设计了基于自回归模型和虚拟簇划分的采样调度机制,并利用田间样本数据对两种机制的节能效果进行了验证评估。结果表明,在满足一定误差精度时,温度参数的采样次数减少30%,土壤湿度参数的采样次数减少80%,能耗较连续采样减少79.8%。 (5)具体阐述了温室集群监测和航空施药沉积监测两个典型精准农业传感器网络应用系统的系统结构组成、传感器节点设计和应用效果。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basic industry of national economy . Precision agriculture is the inevitable trend of modern agricultural development . Its effective implementation is of great significance to improve the modernization level of agricultural modernization . ( 1 ) The particularity of precision agriculture wireless sensor network is analyzed from the perspectives of application environment , sample point deployment , data demand , sensor and monitoring mode , network structure , network fault tolerance and real - time requirement . ( 2 ) The energy saving method of layered and heterogeneous precision agriculture wireless sensor network communication protocol is analyzed . The energy consumption source of MAC protocol is analyzed , and a kind of energy saving AS - MAC protocol capable of self - adaptation of load flow is designed . A kind of EA - LEACH protocol is designed which can support multi - hop in cluster and the residual energy of nodes caused by network heterogeneity . The realization mode of energy saving communication protocol A - Stack in heterogeneous and layered precision agriculture wireless sensor network is analyzed by using AS - MAC , EA - LEACH and Zigbee . The energy consumption index and energy saving effect of the protocol system are analyzed by experiments . ( 3 ) In view of the characteristics of monitored data , the energy - saving implementation method of precision agriculture wireless sensor network is studied from the viewpoint of reducing the amount of data transmission in the network . The data compression transmission method based on piecewise linear regression is presented . The data aggregation method based on the network node quadtree coding is proposed . The results show that the data non - destructive polymerization rate is 11.7 % , 19.5 % , 12.64 % and 33.34 % for the data of the environment temperature , air relative humidity , soil temperature and soil moisture . ( 4 ) Aiming at the requirement of precision agriculture sampling , the realization mode of variable period sampling scheduling is analyzed . The energy saving realization method of precision agriculture wireless sensor network is studied from the viewpoint of reducing the number of invalid samples . The sampling scheduling mechanism based on self - regression model and virtual cluster division is analyzed . The results show that the sampling frequency of the temperature parameter is reduced by 30 % and the sampling frequency of soil humidity parameter is reduced by 80 % and the energy consumption is reduced by 79.8 % . ( 5 ) The system structure composition , sensor node design and application effect of two typical precision agricultural sensor network applications are described in detail .

【学位授予单位】：中国农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S127;TN929.5;TP212.9

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