石河子垦区土壤有效硅的空间分布与硅肥肥效

发布时间：2018-02-14 16:45

本文关键词： 土壤有效硅硅肥空间分布玉米石河子垦区　出处：《石河子大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：【目的】硅作为有益元素对促进作物生长发育及增强抗逆性等方面有显著效果,但在新疆石灰性土壤上研究较少。钢渣、水淬渣含有丰富Si养分元素,是金属冶炼产生的废弃物,作为富含硅的一种物料,钢渣、水淬渣经一定的工艺加工使其变废为宝制作农业硅肥是实现废弃物循环利用的有效途径,但由于钢渣、水淬渣中同时含有少量重金属元素,农田施用会存在一定的生态环境风险。本文查明石河子垦区土壤有效硅丰缺状况及其空间分布,揭示影响土壤有效硅含量的关键因素,并对比研究了钢渣和水淬渣硅肥对新疆石灰性土壤有效硅含量、玉米硅素营养、玉米产量、肥料利用效率及环境效益进行评价,旨在研究硅肥在石灰性土壤的肥效,为今后硅肥的合理施用提供参考依据。【方法】本研究通过野外取样实测和基于ArcGIS软件的地统计学分析空间插值(克里格)方法对石河子垦区18个农牧团场土壤有效硅(SiO2)含量及其空间分布状况进行调查分析,且在2013-2014年进行了2年田间小区试验,对比研究了水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥对玉米生长发育及产量的影响,分析了施硅对玉米硅、磷营养吸收及硅肥利用率的效应,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤重金属环境进行评价。【主要结果】1)石河子垦区耕层0-20cm土壤有效硅处于较丰富水平,平均含量为313.3 mg·kg-1。受“高山-绿洲-沙漠”山盆结构地形地貌影响,石河子垦区有效硅空间分布存在明显不均衡性,整体呈现东南高而西北较低的特点。2)垦区土壤pH处于7.6-9.1之间,在此范围内有效硅含量随pH增加而明显降低。垦区土壤有效硅含量显著受土壤粘粒含量影响,并随土壤粘粒含量的增加而升高(r=0.291,P0.01)。土壤有效硅与土壤肥力因素中的土壤有机质和全磷呈极显著正相关,但与土壤全氮相关性不明显。3)施硅可显著提高土壤有效硅含量(P0.05),如在抽雄、乳熟及成熟期水淬渣硅肥处理的土壤有效硅含量分别比CK处理提高了36.9%、15.3%和9.7%。4)施硅处理均显著提高了玉米叶面积指数、干物质量和产量(P0.05)。水淬渣和钢渣硅肥处理的玉米产量为17979 kg·hm-2和17134 kg·hm-2,分别比CK处理提高18.9%和13.3%。5)2年结果均显示硅肥处理显著提高了成熟期玉米植株的吸硅量与吸磷量(P0.05),水淬渣与钢渣硅肥处理的年均吸硅量分别比CK增加14.6%和10.4%,其年均吸磷量分别比CK增加11.5%和8.7%。玉米吸硅量与吸磷量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),硅肥处理可显著改善玉米生育期内磷素营养,提高磷肥偏生产力;水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥年均硅肥利用率分别达38.9%和27.8%,且水淬渣硅肥利用率明显高于钢渣硅肥。6)各处理土壤As、Cd的单项污染指数均1,说明土壤已受As、Cd污染,但各个处理间没有差异,从综合污染指数来看,水淬渣钢渣对照(2014年),但土壤整体尚清洁。【结论】1)石河子垦区耕层0-20cm土壤有效硅处于较丰富水平,平均含量为313.3 mg·kg-1。土壤有效硅与土壤粘粒、有机质及全磷含量成极显著正相关关系,土壤有效硅随土壤pH值增加而明显降低。2)水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥均可显著提高玉米叶面积指数、干物质量(P0.05),使玉米分别增产18.9%和13.3%;施硅可显著促进玉米对硅、磷的吸收,水淬渣硅肥和钢渣硅肥2年的硅肥平均利用率分别达38.9%和27.8%,施入硅肥后,土壤尚清洁。
[Abstract]:[Objective] silicon as a beneficial element to promote crop growth and significantly enhance stress tolerance, but less research in Xinjiang on calcareous soil. Steel slag water quenching slag containing Si rich nutrient elements, is a metal smelting waste, as a kind of material, silicon rich slag, slag processing a process to realize agricultural production waste silicon fertilizer is the effective way of waste recycling, but because the steel slag water quenching slag also contains a small amount of heavy metals in farmland were, there will be some ecological risks. This paper find out the Shihezi reclamation area of soil available silicon abundance conditions and spatial distribution, the key to reveal the factors affecting the content of available silicon soil, and comparative study of the steel slag and the water quenching slag and silicon on silicon content of lime soil in Xinjiang corn, silicon nutrition, maize yield, fertilizer utilization efficiency and ring To evaluate the environmental benefits, to study on effect of silicon fertilizer in calcareous soil, and provide reference for reasonable application of fertilizer in the future. [method] this study through field sampling and experimental analysis based on ArcGIS software geostatistical spatial interpolation method (Craig) of Shihezi reclamation area of 18 farms of soil available silicon (SiO2) and its content the spatial distribution of investigation and analysis, and 2 years of field trials in 2013-2014 years, a comparative study of the effects of water quenching slag slag fertilizer and silicon fertilizer on growth and yield of maize, the analysis of silicon fertilizer on Maize silicon, effects of phosphorus absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer, using the single factor pollution index method, evaluation the heavy metal pollution of Nemero comprehensive pollution index method. [results] 1) mainly in Shihezi reclamation area soil 0-20cm soil available silicon in rich level, the average content was 313.3 mg Kg-1. by the "mountain oasis desert mountain basin structure, the effects of topography, the spatial distribution of available silicon in Shihezi reclamation area has obvious imbalance, the overall presentation of the southeast and northwest low.2) in soil pH is between 7.6-9.1, the effective silicon content in this range decreased with the increase of pH. The effective silicon content the soil reclamation area was significantly affected by soil clay content, and with the increase of soil clay content increased (r=0.291, P0.01). The soil available silicon and soil fertility factors of soil organic matter and total phosphorus were positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, but there was no obvious correlation.3) of silicon fertilizer can significantly increase soil available silicon content (P0.05), such as in tasseling, milk and mature silicon water quenching slag treatment soil available silicon content than CK increased by 36.9%, 15.3% and 9.7%.4) of silicon fertilizer treatment significantly increased the maize leaf area index, dry matter The amount and yield (P0.05). The water quenching slag and slag fertilizer processing maize yield was 17979 kg hm-2 and 17134 kg hm-2 respectively than CK increased 18.9% and 13.3%.5) for 2 years showed that the silicon fertilizer significantly increased the uptake of corn plant mature silicon and phosphorus uptake (P0.05) water. Slag and average Si uptake by slag fertilizer treatment was higher than CK by 14.6% and 10.4%, the average annual amount of P uptake were higher than that of CK 11.5% and 8.7%. Si uptake by maize were positively correlated with P uptake (P0.01), silicon fertilizer treatment can significantly improve the maize growth period of phosphorus nutrition, increase P partial productivity; water quenching slag and silicon slag fertilizer annual fertilizer utilization rate of 38.9% and 27.8% respectively, and the water quenching slag fertilizer utilization rate was significantly higher than that of slag fertilizer.6) the soil As, the single pollution index of Cd were 1, indicating that the soil has been affected by the As, Cd pollution, but there is no difference among different treatments, from The pollution index, the water quenching slag slag control (2014), but the soil is clean. [Conclusion] 1) in Shihezi soil 0-20cm soil available silicon in rich level, the average content is 313.3 Mg - kg-1. of available silicon in soil with soil clay, organic matter and total phosphorus content was positively correlated, effective silicon in soil increased with increasing soil pH and.2) significantly reduced the water quenching slag and silicon slag fertilizer could significantly increase leaf area index, dry matter (P0.05), the maize yield by 18.9% and 13.3% respectively; silicon fertilizer could significantly improve maize on silicon, phosphorus, silicon and silicon slag slag fertilizer 2 the average utilization rate of 38.9% and 27.8% respectively, applying fertilizer, soil is clean.

【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

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